“…The E ∞ structures on these cobordism spectra derive from products and powers of manifolds, and work of Ando, Hopkins, Rezk, and Strickland (and their collaborators, among others) shows that refining maps out of cobordism spectra and related spectra to E ∞ (or H ∞ ) ring maps has implications in geometry as well as topology and stable homotopy theory (see, for example, [2,4,5]). An E ∞ ring structure brings with it many extra tools and much of the work of stable homotopy in the past two decades has involved producing E ∞ ring structures and E ∞ ring maps.…”