Isokinetic Evaluation of Rotational Strength in Normal Shoulders and Shoulders With Impingement Syndrome

Leroux, Jean‐Paul; Codine, P.; Thomas, E; Pocholle, M.; Mailhe, D; Blotman, F

doi:10.1097/00003086-199407000-00018

Cited by 89 publications

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“…Because most functional activities are dynamic, evaluating isokinetic shoulder strength may be more appropriate when relating strength to functional performance and clinical outcome. However, data for isokinetic strength measurements around the shoulder are available only for normal healthy subjects [ 7 ], patients after open fixation of glenoid rim fractures [ 33 ], open [ 1 , 10 ] and arthroscopic anterior stabilization [ 15 , 21 ], rotator cuff surgery [ 4 , 11 , 14 , 34 , 43 ], with adhesive capsulitis [ 26 , 27 , 41 ], subacromial impingement [ 16 , 24 , 30 ], and pectoralis major muscle rupture [ 17 ], but not for patients with a reverse shoulder prosthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Shoulders with A Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Strong Enough? A Pilot Study

Alta

Veeger

Janssen

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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BackgroundIt has been suggested that limited active ROM of reverse shoulder prostheses relates to lack of strength. However, the postoperative strength has not been quantified.Questions/purposesWe therefore measured joint torques in patients with reverse shoulder prostheses and correlated torques with functional scores.MethodsWe recruited 33 patients (age, 72 ± 8 years) with a reverse prosthesis (37 shoulders, 21 primary and 16 revisions). We obtained Constant-Murley, DASH, and Simple Shoulder Test ([D]SST) scores, and performed two isokinetic protocols (abduction/adduction and external/internal rotation) at 60° per second. Minimum followup was 4 months (average, 23 months; range, 4–63 months).ResultsTwenty-three patients (24 shoulders; 13 primaries, 11 revisions) were able to perform at least one of the defined tasks. Mean abduction and adduction torques were 15 Nm ± 7 Nm and 16 Nm ± 10 Nm (19%–78% of normal shoulders). External and internal rotation tasks could be performed by only 13 patients (14 shoulders; nine primary, five revisions) generating 9 Nm ± 4 Nm and 8 Nm ± 3 Nm, respectively (13%–71% of normal shoulders). We found moderate correlations between Constant-Murley, DASH and (D)SST (D = Dutch translation) scores and abduction and external rotation.ConclusionsPatients with a reverse prosthesis had reduced strength when compared with normal values reported in the literature (only 65% of patients could perform the protocol). This effect was greatest for external rotation and might explain clinical outcomes with which a moderately strong relationship was observed. Our observations suggest limited strength is a major factor in reduced ROM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Shoulders with A Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Strong Enough? A Pilot Study

Alta

Veeger

Janssen

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…However, according to Erol et al (2008), there was no difference in SER muscle strength between subjects with and without SIS. Also, according to Leroux et al (1994), the degree of decrease in the SIR strength of SIS patients was relatively higher than the degree of decrease in SER strength. The results of our study indicate average decreases of 19% and 13% in the SIR and SER strengths of the workers with SIS, respectively, compared to those of workers without SIS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…SIR muscle weakness is considered common clinical feature in SIS [7,33]. Leroux et al (1994) found that the SIR strength of the involved arm of SIS patients in the sitting position with 45° abduction and 30° flexion was reduced by 48-53% compared to the dominant arm of the subjects in the control group. In addition, several studies have suggested that SER muscle weakness may contribute to SIS [34,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Shoulder Functions Between Workers With and Without Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Kim

Jeon

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The occurrence of shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is associated with the frequent handling and lifting of heavy loads and excessive repetitive work above the shoulder level. Thus, assembly workers have a high prevalence of shoulder injuries, including SIS. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in shoulder ROM, muscle strength, asymmetry ratio, function, productivity, and depression between workers with and without SIS. Sixty-seven assembly line male workers (35 workers with SIS and 32 workers without SIS) participated in this study. The four shoulder ROMs and the five muscle strengths were measured using a Smart KEMA system. The asymmetry ratios were calculated using the asymmetry ratio formula; shoulder functions were measured using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), and visual analogue scale (VAS); and Endicott work productivity scale (EWPS). Severity of depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory (BDI). Independent t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. The SPADI, DASH, and VAS values of workers with SIS were significantly higher than those of workers without SIS. Also, workers with SIS had significantly smaller shoulder internal rotation and shoulder abduction compared to workers without SIS. In addition, workers with SIS exhibited significantly lower SIR muscle strength than workers without SIS. Workers with SIS had significantly higher asymmetry ratios in shoulder internal rotation, shoulder external rotation, and elbow flexion muscle strength than workers without SIS. The SPADI and DASH scores, which indicate shoulder function, were higher, and the intensity of self-aware pain was higher in workers with SIS. Also, workers with SIS exhibited reduced SIR and SAB ROMs; decreased SIR muscle strength. Particularly, the asymmetry ratios of SIR, SER, EF muscle strength are good comparable factors for workers with and without SIS. In addition, the asymmetry ratios of shoulder muscle strengths could provide an important baseline comparison for the workers with SIS.

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“…Taking in Shoulder rotators strength training in swimmers 7 account these normative values, our results, on both protocols, did not register below 66% at any point, although they declined in the ratios for the training and control groups from baseline to 16 weeks. This means, according to Leroux et al (1994), that they should therefore be considered positive since they are not yet within the range associated with muscular imbalance or instability in the shoulder joint. On future research, it would be interesting to analyse the possibility that younger swimmers may have lower ratios than older swimmers, raising the question of whether there is an increase in joint instability and shoulder muscular imbalance as the swimmer's career (and training volume) advances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a land‐based compensatory strength‐training programme influences the rotator cuff balance of young competitive swimmers?

Batalha

Raimundo

Tomás-Carús

et al. 2015

European Journal of Sport Science

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During the repeated execution of the swimming strokes, the shoulder adductor and internal rotator muscles have a tendency to become proportionally stronger when compared to their antagonist group. This can lead to muscle imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a compensatory training programme on the strength and balance of shoulder rotator muscles in young swimmers. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Forty male swimmers took part in the study and were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 20) and a training group (n = 20). A control group (n = 16) of young sedentary male students was also evaluated. The experimental group subjects participated in a 16-week shoulder-strength programme with Thera-Band® elastic bands; the training group was restricted to aquatic training. Peak torque of shoulder internal rotator and external rotator (ER) was measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. Concentric action at 1.04 rad s(-1) (3 reps) and 3.14 rad s(-1) (20 reps) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The strength-training programme led to an improvement of the ER strength and shoulder rotator balance in the experimental group (data from both shoulders at 1.04 rad s(-1)). Moreover, concentric action at 3.14 rad s(-1) presented significant differences only for the dominant shoulder. Findings suggest that the prescribed shoulder-strengthening exercises could be a useful training option for young competitive swimmers. They can produce an increase in absolute strength values and greater muscle balance in shoulder rotators.

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Isokinetic Evaluation of Rotational Strength in Normal Shoulders and Shoulders With Impingement Syndrome

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Are Shoulders with A Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Strong Enough? A Pilot Study

Are Shoulders with A Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Strong Enough? A Pilot Study

Comparison of Shoulder Functions Between Workers With and Without Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Does a land‐based compensatory strength‐training programme influences the rotator cuff balance of young competitive swimmers?

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