Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder rotational strength between the plane of scapula and the frontal plane

Greenfield, Bruce; Donatelli, R; Wooden, Michael J.; Wilkes, Joseph S.

doi:10.1177/036354659001800202

Cited by 137 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The highest QAREL rating was 6/11, with an average of 4.2 ± 1 (range 2-6). Numbers and methodological quality of studies dealing with supine and standing positions were poor: 6 studies 11,20,26,33,34,40 for 3 positions, with QAREL scores from 2 to 4. Individual QAREL scores for each included study are reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodological Quality Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Isokinetic Assessment of Shoulder-Rotator Strength: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Position

Édouard¹,

Samozino²,

Julia³

et al. 2011

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Isokinetic assessment of shoulder internal-(IR) and external-rotator (ER) strength is commonly used with many different postures (sitting, standing, or supine) and shoulder positions (frontal or scapular plane with 45° or 90° of ab duction). Objective: To conduct a systematic review to determine the influence of position on the intersession reliability of the assessment of IR and ER isokinetic strength, to identify the most reliable position, and to de termine which isokinetic variable appears to be most stable in intersession relia bility. Evidence Acquisi tion: A systematic literature search through MEDLINE and Pascal Biomed data bases was performed in October 2009. Criteria for inclu sion were that studies be written in English or French, describe the isokinetic evaluation methods, and de scribe statistical analysis. Evidence Synthesis: Sixteen studies meeting the inclu sion criteria were included. Variable reliability of ER and IR peak torque (PT) were generally reported for all assessment positions; intraclass correlation coefficients were .44-.98 in the seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction, .09-.77 in the seated position with 90° of shoulder abduction, .86-.99 (coefficient of variation: 7.5-29.8%) in the supine position with 90° of shoulder abduction, .82-.84 in the supine position with 45° of shoulder abduction, and .75-.94 in standing. The ER:IR ratio reliability was low for all posi tions. Conclusions: The seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction in the scapular plane seemed the most reliable for IR and ER strength assessment. The standing position or a shoulder posture with 90° of shoulder abduction or in the frontal plane must be used with caution given the low reliability for peak torque. Good reliability of ER and IR PT was generally reported, but ER:IR ratio reliabil ity was low.

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Section: Methodological Quality Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Isokinetic Assessment of Shoulder-Rotator Strength: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Position

Édouard¹,

Samozino²,

Julia³

et al. 2011

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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“…7,10,40,43 Several studies documented the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the glenohumeral musculature during specific shoulder exercises. 3,5,6,13,22,25,26,28,38,47 Townsend et al 38 determined that the best exercise for the infraspinatus muscle was to perform prone shoulder horizontal abduction with external rotation (ER), producing 88% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), while the most effective exercise for the teres minor muscle was sidelying ER, producing 80% MVIC. In a different study comparing ER in the scapular and frontal planes during isokinetic testing, Greenfield et al 13 suggested that the highest amount of muscle activity for the external rotators occur when the shoulder is in the scapular plane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic Analysis of the Rotator Cuff and Deltoid Musculature During Common Shoulder External Rotation Exercises

Reinold

Wilk²,

Fleisig³

et al. 2004

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

314

171

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Study Design: Prospective single-group repeated-measures design. Objectives: To quantify electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity of the infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus, posterior deltoid, and middle deltoid during exercises commonly used to strengthen the shoulder external rotators. Background: Exercises to strengthen the external rotators are commonly prescribed in rehabilitation, but the amount of EMG activity of the infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus, and deltoid during these exercises has not been thoroughly studied to determine which exercises would be most effective to achieve strength gains. Methods and Measures: EMG measured using intramuscular electrodes were analyzed in 10 healthy subjects during 7 shoulder exercises: prone horizontal abduction at 100°of abduction and full external rotation (ER), prone ER at 90°of abduction, standing ER at 90°of abduction, standing ER in the scapular plane (45°abduction, 30°horizontal adduction), standing ER at 0°of abduction, standing ER at 0°of abduction with a towel roll, and sidelying ER at 0°of abduction. The peak percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for each muscle Research and Clinical Education, Healthsouth Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, American Sports Medicine Institute, 1201 11th Avenue South, Suite 100, Birmingham, AL 35205. E-mail: michael.reinold@healthsouth.com was compared among exercises using a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (PϽ.05). Results: EMG activity varied significantly among the 7 exercises. Sidelying ER produced the greatest amount of EMG activity for the infraspinatus (62% MVIC) and teres minor (67% MVIC). The greatest amount of activity of the supraspinatus (82% MVIC), middle deltoid (87% MVIC), and posterior deltoid (88% MVIC) was observed during prone horizontal abduction at 100°with full ER. Conclusions: Results from this study provide initial information to develop rehabilitation programs. It also provides information helpful for the design and conduct of future studies.

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“…The shoulder joint IR and ER movements were measured as the arms of the athletes were at 45° abduction in the scapular plane and the shoulders were at 90° flexion. This position was selected because the stress on the rotator cuff was minimal in this position compared with the position where the arms were at 90° abduction in the frontal plane (12,22). On the contrary, previous studies reported that this position was the most reliable position for assessing the shoulder IR and ER strength (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, objective assessment of muscle strength in all athletes is crucial to the sportive success of athletes and prevention of injuries. Despite several studies in the literature exploring the upper extremity isokinetic strength profile in various sports fields such as swimming, handball, volleyball, tennis, water polo, cricket, judo, and basketball (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), no study has examined the upper extremity isokinetic muscle strength characteristic in weightlifters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of upper extremity muscle strength profile of Turkish weightlifting national team athletes

Kocahan¹,

Akınoğlu²

2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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SUMMARYThis study aimed to determine the upper extremity isokinetic muscle strength profile of Turkey male weightlifters and shed light on the exercise and training program by sharing these results with the athletes and all team working presently in the weightlifting sports area.This study included 21 weightlifters, who did not have any orthopedic problems, did professional weightlifting for at least 2 years, were cooperative, had a cognitive state required for the assessment, and volunteered to participate in the study. The tests were performed using an isokinetic dynamometer system at angular velocities of 60°/s and 240°/s during concentric contractions. The protocol was applied separately to the right and left extremities for the shoulder internal rotation/external rotation and elbow flexion/extension movements.The peak torque of internal rotation in the shoulder joint was found to be higher than that of external rotation, and the extension peak torque in the elbow joint was higher than the peak torque of flexion. External/internal rotation rate in the shoulder joint at 240 º/s velocity was lower compared with the rate at 60º/s velocity and also at the rates accepted to be normal for both angular velocities. The elbow flexion/extension rate on the dominant and nondominant sides ranged outside of the rates accepted as normal for both angular velocities.The present findings can guide the weightlifting athletes to reduce the sports injuries that may occur in shoulder and elbow joints and increase their sports performance.

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Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder rotational strength between the plane of scapula and the frontal plane

Cited by 137 publications

References 14 publications

Reliability of Isokinetic Assessment of Shoulder-Rotator Strength: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Position

Reliability of Isokinetic Assessment of Shoulder-Rotator Strength: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Position

Electromyographic Analysis of the Rotator Cuff and Deltoid Musculature During Common Shoulder External Rotation Exercises

Determination of upper extremity muscle strength profile of Turkish weightlifting national team athletes

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