Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With Quasi-Resonant Zero-Voltage Switching for Battery Charge Equalization

A Transformer-Less Voltage Equalizer for Energy Storage Cells Based on Double-Tiered Multi-Stacked Converters

“…According to (25), the equalization time is mainly decided by CB, ILin, VBmax(0) and V(end). In the conventional equalizer based on MSSC shown in Fig.…”

“…The non-dissipative equalizers with energy transfer paths are actively studied due to their higher efficiency and better equalization performance. In general, they are divided into several categories: switched-capacitor [7]- [15], switched-inductor [16]- [19], multiwinding transformer [20]- [22], switch selection [23]- [25], voltage multiplier [26]- [28] and multi-stacked type [29], [30].…”

“…In [24], a cell-to-cell equalizer based on boost converter and quasiresonant LC converter is introduced, and cell voltages difference is amplified by boost converter to obtain larger equalization current, and zero-current-switching is realized through quasiresonant LC converter. Another topology in [25] focused on isolated DC-DC converter with quasi-resonant zero-voltageswitching, and the voltage spike of transformer caused by the leakage inductance can be eliminated with resonant capacitor. Nevertheless, the required switch count such as relay or back-toback connected switches in selection network is large because every single cell or multi-cells need to be selected when voltage mismatch occurs.…”

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

“…As shown in Figure 4B, C2M equalization can transfer energy between the module and internal cell bidirectionally, which has the advantage of impairing the inconsistence between battery modules. Lu et al 74 proposed an isolated bidirectional C2M controller with zero‐voltage switching function. When working in boost mode, the converter can transfer battery energy to the module.…”

Three‐phase interleaved high step‐up bidirectional DC–DCconverter

“…Bidirectional DC–DC converters are in great need in the wind, photovoltaic and energy storage systems [4–7]. High conversion ratio DC–DC converters are required in the areas of battery charge, electric vehicles, generation systems and photovoltaic systems [8–13]. In some applications which do not need isolate, non‐isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters have received extensive attention due to its good features [14, 15].…”