Isolated DC-DC Power Converters for Simultaneous Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Research Review, Design, High-Frequency Transformer Testing, Power Quality Concerns, and Future

Abstract

The transportation industry is transitioning from conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICVs) to Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the rise in non-traditional energy sources. EVs are emerging as the new leaders in the industry. Some essential requirements necessary for the widespread adoption of EVs include sufficient charging stations with numerous chargers, less to no wait time before charging, quick charging, and better range. To enable a quicker transition from ICVs to EVs, commercial organizations and governments would have to put in a mammoth effort, given the low number of installed chargers in developing nations such as India. One solution to lower the waiting time is to have multiple vehicles charging simultaneously, which might involve charging two- and four-wheelers simultaneously, even though their battery voltage ratings differ. This paper begins by providing the details of the power sources for EV charging, the charging levels and connector types, along with the specifications of some of the commercial chargers. The necessity of AC-DC converters in EV charging systems is addressed along with the power quality concerns due to the increased penetration of EVs. Next, a review of the existing research and technology of isolated DC-DC converters for simultaneous charging of EV batteries is provided. Further, several potential isolated DC-DC converter topologies for simultaneous charging are described with their design and loss estimation. A summary of the existing products and projects with simultaneous charging features is provided. Finally, insight is given into the future of simultaneous charging.

SiC switch‐based isolated DC‐DC converter for simultaneous charging of Li‐ion batteries of different voltage ratings for low‐ and medium‐power electric vehicle battery charging application

“…41 • Reduced size of memory elements (inductors and capacitors) of the converter due to high switching frequency. 37,40 • Reduced difficulties of cooling. 40,42 • Higher thermal withstand capability.…”

“…The operational frequency range must be checked before its connection during the selection of transformers for isolated DC‐DC converters. One such testing method is given by Sudarshan and Arunkumar, 37 and the same has been followed before using the HFTs in the proposed work. Most industries prefer connecting a capacitor across the input terminals 38 to obtain input spike reduction, filtering, and fast response.…”

“…Lower parasitic capacitance, leading to high‐frequency switching 41 Reduced size of memory elements (inductors and capacitors) of the converter due to high switching frequency 37,40 Reduced difficulties of cooling 40,42 …”

Investigation on reliability of classical industrial motor drives using GoldSim Monte Carlo reliability workbench

“…The motor controller is a power converter used for energy conversion in industrial applications. The reliability estimation of such a converter has gained attention in both industry and academia (Sudarsha and Arunkumar, 2023). The motor drive is an integrated power module consisting of both a rectifier and an inverter module.…”