Isolated Deficiency of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Rabin, David; Spitz, Irving M.; Bercovici, B; Bell, J.; Laufer, A.; Benveniste, Robert; Polishuk, W.Z.

doi:10.1056/nejm197212282872602

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…in infancy (Peters 1979) and in women during pregnancy (Khattab & Jequier 1979), in disorders of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Goldenberg et al . 1976), and selective FSH (Rabin et al . 1972) or FSH receptor (Aittomäki et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival, growth, and maturation of secondary follicles from prepubertal, young, and older adult rhesus monkeys during encapsulated three-dimensional culture: effects of gonadotropins and insulin

Xu¹,

Bernuci²,

Lawson³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

123

133

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A three-dimensional culture system supports the development of primate preantral follicles to the antral stage with appreciable steroid production. This study assessed i) whether in vitro developmental competence of follicles is age dependent, ii) the role of gonadotropins and insulin in supporting folliculogenesis, and iii) anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by growing follicles. Ovaries were obtained from prepubertal, young, and older adult rhesus macaques. Secondary follicles were encapsulated into alginate beads and cultured individually for 40 days in media containing 0.05 or 5 μg/ml insulin, with or without recombinant human (rh) FSH (500 mIU/ml). No follicles survived in the culture without rhFSH. In the presence of rhFSH, survival was lower for follicles from older animals, whereas growth, i.e. follicle diameter, was less by day 40 for follicles from prepubertal animals. The surviving follicles were categorized as no-grow (NG;≤250 μm), slow-grow (SG; 250–500 μm), and fast-grow (FG;≥500 μm) according to their diameters. SG follicles cultured with 5 μg/ml insulin produced more ovarian steroids than those cultured with 0.05 μg/ml insulin by week 5. SG and FG follicles produced more AMH and VEGF than the NG, and levels peaked at weeks 2 and 5 respectively. After 100 ng/ml rh chorionic gonadotropin treatment for 34 h, more healthy oocytes were retrieved from young adults whose follicles were cultured with 5 μg/ml insulin. This culture system offers an opportunity to characterize the endocrine and paracrine function of primate follicles that influence follicle growth and oocyte maturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival, growth, and maturation of secondary follicles from prepubertal, young, and older adult rhesus monkeys during encapsulated three-dimensional culture: effects of gonadotropins and insulin

Xu¹,

Bernuci²,

Lawson³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

123

133

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“…The requirement of FSH to stimulate follicle growth in humans was first demonstrated elegantly by Rabin et al, wherein their investigation of a 22 year old woman with isolated FSH deficiency showed no antral follicle development as assessed by laparoscopy and ovarian biopsy (26). Subsequent clinical studies have confirmed the need for FSH to support follicle development and estradiol production (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective evaluation of antral follicle function in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency

Hubayter

Popat

Vanderhoof

et al. 2010

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective-To assess ovarian follicle function in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency Design-Case-control with nested prospective cohort Setting-Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of HealthPatients-Women with primary ovarian insufficiency without estrogen replacement for two weeks (N=97) and regularly menstruating control women (N=42) Interventions-Single injection of 300 IU hrFSH Main outcome measures-Change in serum estradiol at 24 hoursResults-Antral follicles ≥ 3 mm were detected in 73% (69/95) of patients; both serum estradiol and progesterone levels correlated significantly with maximum follicle diameter in these women. Patients with a maximum follicle diameter ≥ 8 mm had significantly higher serum estradiol and progesterone levels and significantly lower FSH and LH levels as compared to patients without such follicles. In controls estradiol levels increased significantly after FSH administration but in patients this was not the case despite the presence of an antral follicle ≥ 8 mm.Conclusion-Most women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency have antral follicles detectable by ultrasound, suggesting that down-regulation of FSH receptors is not the predominant mechanism of follicle dysfunction. Evidence of progesterone secretion by antral follicles ≥ 8 mm in these patients is consistent with prior histologic evidence that follicle luteinization is the predominant mechanism of follicle dysfunction in this condition. Prospective controlled investigation designed to improve ovulatory function and fertility in these women is indicated.

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“…Folliculogenesis is blocked at the early preantral stage in FSH receptor knockout mice (Dierich, 1998). However, an essential role for FSH in survival of preantral follicles in vitro is counter to evidence in vivo that human follicles survive and some grow to the small antral stage in conditions of low-to-nondetectable FSH levels, e.g., in infancy (Peters, 1979), in women during pregnancy (Khattab, 1979), in disorders of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Goldenberg, 1976), and selective FSH (Rabin, 1972) or FSH receptor (Aittomäki, 1996) defects. Perhaps the ovarian milieu/tissue in vivo , in the absence or presence of very low levels of gonadotropins, can promote survival of small growing follicles.…”

Section: D Culture Of Macaque Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Follicular Development and Oocyte Maturation In Vitro

Bernuci

et al. 2013

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The factors and processes involved in primate follicular development are complex and not fully understood. An encapsulated three-dimensional (3D) follicle culture system could be a valuable in vitro model to study the dynamics and regulation of folliculogenesis in intact individual follicles in primates. Besides the research relevance, in vitro follicle maturation (IFM) is emerging as a promising approach to offer options for fertility preservation in female patients with cancer. This review summarizes the current published data on in vitro follicular development from the preantral to small antral stage in nonhuman primates, including follicle survival and growth, endocrine (ovarian steroid hormone) and paracrine/autocrine (local factor) function, as well as oocyte maturation and fertilization. Future directions include major challenges and strategies to further improve follicular growth and differentiation with oocytes competent for in vitro fertilization and subsequent embryonic development, as well as opportunities to investigate primate folliculogenesis by utilizing this 3D culture system. The information may be valuable in identifying optimal conditions for human follicle culture, with the ultimate goal of translating the experimental results and products to patients, thereby facilitating diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for female fertility.

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Isolated Deficiency of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Cited by 61 publications

References 15 publications

Survival, growth, and maturation of secondary follicles from prepubertal, young, and older adult rhesus monkeys during encapsulated three-dimensional culture: effects of gonadotropins and insulin

Survival, growth, and maturation of secondary follicles from prepubertal, young, and older adult rhesus monkeys during encapsulated three-dimensional culture: effects of gonadotropins and insulin

A prospective evaluation of antral follicle function in women with 46,XX spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency

Primate Follicular Development and Oocyte Maturation In Vitro

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