Isolated in an ocean of grass: low levels of gene flow between termite subpopulations

Schmidt, Anna M.; Jacklyn, Peter; Korb, Judith

doi:10.1111/mec.12233

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…To estimate the degree of gene flow between geographical origins, the number of effective migrants (Nm) values were estimated along with FST which is a genetic differentiation index correlated with Nm. Generally, lower gene migration was observed in the populations with high degree of differentiation [53]. In accordance with the previous results based on Ks* and Z*, higher value of differentiation (FST) was calculated with lower degree of gene flow (Nm) in all the Bangladesh-Pakistan data sets (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular evolution and genetic analysis of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus and associated betasatellites

Ahmed

Hasan

Ullah

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mesta yellow vein mosaic disease (MYVMD), one of the major diseases circulating mesta growing regions of Indian sub-continent, is responsible for serious yield loss in mesta crops. A complex of monopartite begomovirus, Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MYVMV) and associated betasatellite, is reported in several studies as the causal agent of MYVMD. However, all-inclusive molecular evolutionary analysis of so far available MYVMVs and associated betasatellites disseminating in this region is still lacking. In this study, by estimating and analyzing various indexes of population genetics and evolutionary parameters, we discussed the sources of genetic variations, population dynamics and different forces acting on the evolution of MYVMVs and associated betasatellites. The study finds recombination as a vital force in the evolution and diversification of begomovirus complexes in different geographic locations however, betasatellites were found to be exposed to more diverse recombination events compared to MYVMVs. Indian isolates are reported to have high frequency of polymorphism in this study which suggests a balancing selection or expansion occurring in Indian populations of begomoviruses. Higher degree of genetic differentiation and lower rate of gene flow calculated between the viral populations of Bangladesh and Pakistan is justified by the relatively far geographical distance between these two countries. Although the study detects overall purifying selection, the degrees of constraints acting on individual gene tested are found different. Coat protein (AV1) is estimated with very high nucleotide substitution rate which is very likely to result from the strongest purifying selection pressure (dN/dS = 0.131) calculated in this study on coat protein. The findings of this study on different evolutionary forces that shape the emergence and diversification of MYVMVs and associated betasatellites may provide directions towards future evolutionary trend analysis and development of comprehensive disease control strategies for begomoviruses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular evolution and genetic analysis of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus and associated betasatellites

Ahmed

Hasan

Ullah

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The genetic differentiation index (Fst) is correlated with gene flow (Nm). Generally, the greater the degree of differentiation, the weaker the gene flow, i.e., a lower gene migration rate among populations [57][58][59][60]. Natural P. koraiensis forests originated in Siberia and in northeast Asia have undergone regeneration, succession and migration over millions of years [61,62].…”

Section: Population Genetic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis in China

Zhao

et al. 2021

Horticulturae

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Pinus koraiensis is a well-known precious tree species in East Asia with high economic, ornamental and ecological value. More than fifty percent of the P. koraiensis forests in the world are distributed in northeast China, a region with abundant germplasm resources. However, these natural P. koraiensis sources are in danger of genetic erosion caused by continuous climate changes, natural disturbances such as wildfire and frequent human activity. Little work has been conducted on the population genetic structure and genetic differentiation of P. koraiensis in China because of the lack of genetic information. In this study, 480 P. koraiensis individuals from 16 natural populations were sampled and genotyped. Fifteen polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure and differentiation in P. koraiensis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the EST-SSR marker data showed that 33% of the total genetic variation was among populations and 67% was within populations. A high level of genetic diversity was found across the P. koraiensis populations, and the highest levels of genetic diversity were found in HH, ZH, LS and TL populations. Moreover, pairwise Fst values revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations (mean Fst = 0.177). According to the results of the STRUCTURE and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analyses and principal component analysis (PCA), the studied geographical populations cluster into two genetic clusters: cluster 1 from Xiaoxinganling Mountains and cluster 2 from Changbaishan Mountains. These results are consistent with the geographical distributions of the populations. The results provide new genetic information for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS), marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in natural P. koraiensis breeding programs and can aid the development of conservation and management strategies for this valuable conifer species.

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“…Inbreeding avoidance can occur through a split sex ratio between colonies, or differences between the sexes in their dispersal range or in their timing of emergence 39 . In termites, the low genetic similarity between neighboring colonies within populations 40 , 41 and the fact that alates fly away from their natal colonies 42 , 43 suggest that synchronous alate swarming is probably the predominant mechanism preventing inbreeding in many species (Note that alate dispersal is however often insufficient to maintain gene flow between populations 44 , 45 ). Alates of most species do not seem to discriminate against nestmates, although this mechanism has been poorly studied 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and long-term costs of inbreeding in the lifelong-partnership in a termite

Eyer

Vargo

2022

Commun Biol

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Social life and lifelong partner commitments are expected to favor thorough partner choice, as an ill-suited partnership may have long-term consequences, adversely affecting the parents and spanning several cohorts of offspring. Here, we used ~1400 termite incipient colonies to estimate the short- and long-term costs of inbreeding upon the survival of the parents over a 15-month period, their productivity, and the resistance of their offspring toward pathogen pressure. We observed that foundation success was not influenced by the relatedness of partners, but by their levels of microbial load. We showed faster growth in inbred colonies with low levels of microbial load, revealing a potential tradeoff between pathogen defense and offspring production. Yet, inbreeding takes its toll later in colony development when offspring from incipient colonies face pathogen pressure. Although the success of a lifetime partnership is initially determined by the partner’s health, the cost of inbreeding in incipient colonies favors outbred colonies reaching maturity.

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Isolated in an ocean of grass: low levels of gene flow between termite subpopulations

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Molecular evolution and genetic analysis of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus and associated betasatellites

Molecular evolution and genetic analysis of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus and associated betasatellites

Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis in China

Short and long-term costs of inbreeding in the lifelong-partnership in a termite

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