Isolated popliteal vein entrapment by the popliteus muscle: a case report

Misselbeck, Timothy; Dangleben, Dale A; Celani, Victor J.

doi:10.1177/1358863x07085109

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Extrinsic compression of the popliteal vein is most commonly related to lateral extension of the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle or an anomalous third head of the gastrocnemius muscle. [61][62][63] Additional case reports include thickening of the perivenous fascia, a hypertrophied fibrous band, hypertrophied popliteus muscle, and a soleus aponeurosis 64 as the anatomic culprit causing compression. Compression leads to venous obstruction with the subsequent development of venous hypertension.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Compression Syndromes

White

Comerota

2017

Vasc Endovascular Surg

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Venous compression syndromes occur due to extrinsic compression causing complications of venous hypertension or venous thrombosis. This review focuses on 4 venous compression syndromes involving the left common iliac vein, subclavian vein, left renal vein, and popliteal vein. Clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and management options are reviewed. When properly diagnosed and treated, long-term consequences can be avoided.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Compression Syndromes

White

Comerota

2017

Vasc Endovascular Surg

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“…Support for this emanates from the many instances of popliteal venous entrapment encountered in the literature. 15,18,19,[21][22][23][25][26][27] Additionally, we also propose a new classification system that enables classification of previously unclassified etiologies responsible for PES. We have incorporated as much of the original classification as possible into the new one to minimize confusion arising out of altering the nomenclature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18] Additionally, involvement of the popliteal vein is more varied and cannot be confined to one type with coexistent arterial involvement. 10,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Such variation was also encountered in our practice and prompted the review of ability of the CC system to capture all patients with PES. Shortcomings in the CC system on such review instigated us to design an all-inclusive new classification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popliteal entrapment syndrome—The case for a new classification

et al. 2021

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Objectives To assess the ability of the current classification system for popliteal entrapment syndrome to accurately capture all patients, and if not, to design an all-inclusive new classification. Methods Retrospective review of all interventions performed for popliteal entrapment syndrome between 1994 and 2013 at our institution was performed. Preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings were used to establish the compressive morphology of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Patients were categorized, when possible, into six types of the current classification system (Rich classification, modified by Levien) and into seven types of a new classification. Results Sixty-seven limbs of 49 patients were operated on for unilateral (31) or bilateral (18) popliteal entrapment syndrome. The current classification system captured the anatomy of only 43 (64%) of 67 limbs with popliteal entrapment syndrome. Compressive morphologies without a defined class included aberrant insertion of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle, muscle slip originating from the lateral head of gastrocnemius or hamstrings, hypertrophied hamstring muscle, abnormal fibrous bands, perivascular connective tissue, and prominent lateral femoral condyle. The new classification captured 100% of the limbs with popliteal entrapment syndrome. Conclusions Current classification of popliteal entrapment syndrome is inadequate as more than one-third of the cases reviewed fell outside of the standard classification system. Consideration of a more inclusive new anatomic classification system is warranted.

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“…Popliteal vein entrapment can be seen in combination with popliteal artery entrapment, with 10-15% of patients with popliteal arterial entrapment also demonstrating venous involvement (5), but less commonly can also occur in isolation. Other causes include excess adipose tissue in the popliteal compartment, popliteal fossa cyst, popliteal artery aneurysm, fibrous band, thickened perivenous fascia, popliteus muscle, muscular hypertrophy without anomalous anatomy, and anomalous origin of the short saphenous vein (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous popliteal entrapment syndrome

Chen

Kolber

2021

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther

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Popliteal entrapment syndrome (PES) describes a set of symptoms related to compression of the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa, with popliteal artery involvement the most widely recognized variation. Popliteal vein entrapment is a rare variation which can easily go undiagnosed. This is most commonly due to an anomaly of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, but other etiologies include excess adipose tissue or cysts within the popliteal fossa, popliteal artery aneurysm, fibrous bands, thickened perivenous fascia, compression by the popliteus muscle or muscular hypertrophy independent of anomalous anatomy, or variant origin of the short saphenous vein. However, with improving awareness, it is a condition which should be increasingly considered in patients presenting with unexplained lower extremity swelling or other symptoms of lower extremity thrombosis. The initial test of choice is typically ultrasound with flexion and extension maneuvers. Venography is the gold standard for diagnosis, but MRI offers a noninvasive option for both diagnosis and evaluation of etiology and should be considered in the work-up of popliteal venous entrapment. Management is based on severity and type of symptoms, ranging from conservative management with compression stockings to surgical management if there is popliteal artery involvement or more severe symptoms. Endovascular therapy such as angioplasty or stenting has also been reported with good results.

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Isolated popliteal vein entrapment by the popliteus muscle: a case report

Abstract: Isolated popliteal vein entrapment is a very rare occurrence. We present a case of a young man who developed isolated popliteal venous entrapment resulting from extrinsic compression by the popliteus muscle soon after initiating an exercise program.

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Venous Compression Syndromes

Venous Compression Syndromes

Popliteal entrapment syndrome—The case for a new classification

Venous popliteal entrapment syndrome

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