Isolated Rupture of the Subscapularis Tendon. Results of Operative Repair*

Subscapularis Release in Shoulder Replacement Determines Structural Muscular Changes

“…However, we found no decrease in the coracohumeral distance or anterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint, implying an intact rotator cuff [33]. Second, we did not quantify the strength of the subscapularis muscle in the press belly test [9] and the lift-off test [10]. However, clinical testing is not reliable in evaluating dysfunction of the subscapularis muscle [20].…”

“…At each visit we obtained Constant-Murley scores [5]. Subscapularis strength was examined with (1) a qualitative press belly test [9], in which the patient is asked to press the belly with both hands and bring the elbows forward, (2) the internal rotation lag sign [16], in which the hand of the patient is brought behind his back, from below with the elbow at 90°, and instructing the patient to keep the hand positioned free, and (3) the lift-off test [10], in which the patient is asked to bring the hand behind the back, from below, and position it himself as far backward as possible. Plain radiographs were used to evaluate the prosthetic implants.…”

Eccentric training for shoulder abductors improves pain, function and isokinetic performance in subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome: a case series

“…The participants with shoulder pain were first evaluated and diagnosed with SIS by a physical therapist and then the diagnosis was confirmed by an orthopedic physician. The clinical diagnosis of SIS was made following the clinical criteria of reproduction of pain by at least 3 of the tests: Neer 2 , Hawkins 20 , Jobe 21 , Speed 22 and Gerber 23 . They also had to present painful range of motion during active shoulder elevation.…”

Does Open Repair of Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear Prevent Muscular Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration?

“…Previous evaluations of surgical repair of anterosuperior rotator cuff tears [27,36] noted an overall worse functional prognosis than that for the surgical treatment of isolated complete subscapularis and posterosuperior cuff tears [6,13,14,23,25] (Table 3). Warner et al [36] reported limited postoperative improvement in active flexion and in pain and a persistent deficiency of the subscapularis and infraspinatus muscles in more than 1 .…”

“…Causes are degenerative or traumatic, including anterior glenohumeral dislocation, forced external rotation of the adducted arm, and forced hyperextension of the abducted arm. Combined disorders of the proximal tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii are associated in 31% to 56% cases and result in thickening, medial subluxation or frank dislocation, and rupture [6,13,14].…”