Isolated Skip Nodal Metastasis Is Rare in T1 and T2 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Balasubramanian, Deepak; Thankappan, Krishnakumar; Battoo, Azhar Jan; Rajapurkar, Mayuri; Kuriakose, Moni Abraham; Iyer, Subramania

doi:10.1177/0194599812439664

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Currently, the management of level IV is not clear in clinically N0 oral cavity cancer, given the discrepancy between the frequently reported low incidence of metastases in level IV and the occurrence of neck recurrences because of skip metastases to this level. However, when other levels are not involved, routine inclusion of this level in selective neck dissection may not be justified owing to the low incidence of isolated nodal metastasis at level IV in these tumors . There is a general consensus that level V should not be included in the neck dissection in these patients because level V is rarely involved in oral cavity cancers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2014

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Neck dissection is an important treatment for metastases from upper aerodigestive carcinoma; an event that markedly reduces survival. Since its inception, the philosophy of the procedure has undergone significant change from one of radicalism to the current conservative approach. Furthermore, nonsurgical modalities have been introduced, and, in many situations, have supplanted neck surgery. The refinements of imaging the neck based on the concept of neck level involvement has encouraged new philosophies to evolve that seem to benefit patient outcomes particularly as this relates to diminished morbidity. The purpose of this review was to highlight the new paradigms for surgical removal of neck metastases using an evidence-based approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2014

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“…It is preferred for visualizing the parotid lesions on T1 weighed MRI because of hypertensive cause of the gland. MRI is chosen in case of meningeal symptoms as the leptomeninges are well explained with MRI than CT (Beltagi et al, 2019;Balasubramanian et al, 2012) Also it is shown as the consistent analyst about the malignancy or benignity of salivary gland.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Imaging Modalities in Head and Neck Cancer: Benefits and Drawbacks

Merin¹,

Roshni²

2020

ijrps

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This review mainly focuses on the distinct imaging techniques in for head and neck cancer (HNC), its altered techniques used in diagnosis and its applications. It also depicts the upcoming imaging methods present in the field of HNC causing areas. It explains precise determination regarding the degree and extends of neoplasm. We mainly look on to the MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging), PET(Positron emission tomography), CT (computed tomography)imaging biomarkers for the management of HNC. It plays an important role in the therapy selection strategies and also enhances the therapeutic ratio in the management of HNC. The role of imaging techniques become increasingly more crucial in the management process in locally progressed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). In this structure, PET allows non-invasive assessment of a range of tumour biomarkers such as metabolism, hypoxia and proliferation. MRI techniques such as can characterize different tissues by probing into their microstructure, providing a novel methodology in oncological imaging. CT, MRI, and PET/CT are widely used to determine the presence and extent of the tumours before and after treatment. This review depicts a synopsis of the most recent imaging strategies and imaging recommendations for every one of the different strides along the clinical way of patients with head and neck malignant growth.

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“…Other studies have also shown a higher rate of spread to level IV in oral tongue cancer and have also advocated removal of this level [182,183]. Conversely, some investigators have found a much lower rate of spread to level IV, anywhere from 0% to 6.25% and recommend only level I to III dissection in cases of early oral tongue SCC [184][185][186][187][188][189][190]. The surgical anatomical distinction of level III versus level IV is the position of the omohyoid muscle.…”

Section: Surgical Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The N0 Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma A Comprehensive Review and Update on Diagnosis and Management

Patel¹

2020

GJO

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Oral cavity cancer represents one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, as the morbidity and mortality associated with it can be quite significant. Spread to cervical lymph nodes represents a major contributor to patient prognosis, however, despite many technological advances, accurate and consistent identification of involvement of the neck in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma remains a major challenge. With increasingly sensitive and specific imaging modalities, cytological analysis, as well as sentinel node biopsy, identification of regional cervical metastasis continuously improves. The spread of this disease to regional lymph nodes of the neck often results in dramatic changes in treatment and prognosis, and thus management of the neck in early oral cancer is of paramount importance. A consensus on the ideal treatment modality for the clinically node-negative neck still eludes us, with elective neck dissection at the time of primary treatment being the current gold standard, with radiation and chemotherapy having adjunctive roles. The "wait and see" philosophy also has its advocates, as well as its critics. Advances in genetic analysis of tumours may represent the future in patient-specific intervention. This article represents a review of past, present, as well as future advances in the diagnosis and management of the N0 neck in oral cancer, highlighting the most recent research, techniques, and practices worldwide.

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Isolated Skip Nodal Metastasis Is Rare in T1 and T2 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: Skip metastasis is rare in T1 and T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Inclusion of level IV is not mandatory in selective neck dissection for clinically and radiologically negative neck disease in early tumors (T1 and T2).

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Distinct Imaging Modalities in Head and Neck Cancer: Benefits and Drawbacks

The N0 Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma A Comprehensive Review and Update on Diagnosis and Management

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