Isolated Sleep Paralysis Elicited by Sleep Interruption

Takeuchi, Tomoka; Miyasita, Akio; Sasaki, Yuka; Inugami, Maki; Fukuda, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1093/sleep/15.3.217

Cited by 137 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Frequent awakenings increase the chance of SP [Takeuchi et al, 1992]. The patient's degree of anxiety seems to greatly affect the rate of SP not only by increasing awakening, but also by activating brain fear systems [Bell et al, 1988;Ohayon and Shapiro, 2000;Paradis et al, 1997].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity

et al. 2005

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Among Cambodian refugees attending a psychiatric clinic (n=100), 49% (49/100) had at least one episode of sleep paralysis (SP) in the previous 12 months. The annual and monthly SP prevalences were much higher in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than in non-PTSD patients. Among the PTSD patients, 65% (30/46) had monthly episodes of SP versus 14.85% (8/54) among non-PTSD patients (chi2[2, n=100]=26.78, P<.001). Moreover, patients with SP in the last month (n=30) versus those without SP had much higher PTSD severity scores. In the entire sample (n=100), the PTSD severity scores correlated significantly with the rate of SP in the last month. During SP, Cambodian refugees usually hallucinated an approaching figure (90%, 44/49). The rate of SP-associated and post-SP panic attacks was high, indicating the great distress caused by the phenomenon. SP seems to be a core aspect of the Cambodian refugee's response to trauma. When treating Cambodian refugees, and traumatized refugees in general, clinicians should assess for its presence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity

et al. 2005

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“…Incubus experiences have been associated with mixed REM and waking EEG. 40,41 "Parasomnias" are sleep disorders characterized by undesirable behaviors with hallucinatory-like experiences as a clinical feature. 42,43 Primary parasomnias can be categorized by the state of sleep during which they occur, including REM sleep (REM sleep behavior disorder), NREM sleep (sleepwalking, sleep terrors, confusional arousals) and a "miscellaneous category."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Link Between Hallucinations, Dreams, and Hypnagogic–Hypnopompic Experiences?

Waters

Blom²,

Dang‐Vu

et al. 2016

SCHBUL

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By definition, hallucinations occur only in the full waking state. Yet similarities to sleep-related experiences such as hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, dreams and parasomnias, have been noted since antiquity. These observations have prompted researchers to suggest a common aetiology for these phenomena based on the neurobiology of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. With our recent understanding of hallucinations in different population groups and at the neurobiological, cognitive and interpersonal levels, it is now possible to draw comparisons between the 2 sets of experiences as never before. In the current article, we make detailed comparisons between sleep-related experiences and hallucinations in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and eye disease, at the levels of phenomenology (content, sensory modalities involved, perceptual attributes) and of brain function (brain activations, resting-state networks, neurotransmitter action). Findings show that sleep-related experiences share considerable overlap with hallucinations at the level of subjective descriptions and underlying brain mechanisms. Key differences remain however: (1) Sleep-related perceptions are immersive and largely cut off from reality, whereas hallucinations are discrete and overlaid on veridical perceptions; and (2) Sleep-related perceptions involve only a subset of neural networks implicated in hallucinations, reflecting perceptual signals processed in a functionally and cognitively closed-loop circuit. In summary, both phenomena are non-veridical perceptions that share some phenomenological and neural similarities, but insufficient evidence exists to fully support the notion that the majority of hallucinations depend on REM processes or REM intrusions into waking consciousness.

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“…Emotional stress, physical exhaustion, and sleep deprivation have been shown to be predisposing factors for sleep-onset REM episodes (see Hishikawa 1976, Ness 1978, Rechtschaffen and Dement 1969, Riley 1985, Takeuchi et al 1992. I have also noted an increased incidence of nightmares during informants' times of intensified stress.…”

Section: Case Four: Chia Xiongmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The victim is extremely fearful, but, in contrast to the nightmare, usually nothing of the dream content can be recalled the next morning. (Distinctions between the two phenomena are further elaborated upon in Dement, Frazier and Weizman 1984;Hartmann 1984;Hufford 1982, andTakeuchi et al 1992. )…”

Section: The Nightmare and Laboratory Sleep Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations are products of "sleep-onset REM," a REM stage that occurs earlier than normal, when the individual is still partially conscious (Hartmann 1984, Hufford 1982, Parkes 1985, Takeuchi et al 1992. Both Hufford (1976,1982) and Robert C. Ness (1976) argue convincingly that sleep-onset REM accounts for the subjective impression of wakefulness, the feeling of paralysis, and, as a result, the tremendous anxiety that mark the nightmare experience.…”

Section: The Nightmare and Laboratory Sleep Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnomedical pathogenesis and Hmong immigrants' sudden nocturnal deaths

Adler

1994

Cult Med Psych

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Scores of seemingly healthy Hmong immigrants have died mysteriously and without warning from what has come to be known as Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS). To date medical research has provided no adequate explanation for these sudden deaths. This study is an investigation into the role of powerful traditional beliefs in illness causation. In Stockton, California, 118 Hmong men and women were interviewed regarding their awareness of and personal experience with a traditional nocturnal spirit encounter. An analysis of this data reveals that the supranormal encounter acts as a trigger for Hmong SUNDS.

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Isolated Sleep Paralysis Elicited by Sleep Interruption

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity

Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity

What Is the Link Between Hallucinations, Dreams, and Hypnagogic–Hypnopompic Experiences?

Ethnomedical pathogenesis and Hmong immigrants' sudden nocturnal deaths

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