Isolates and Crosses in Human Population Genetics; or, A Contextualization of German Race Science

Lipphardt, Veronika

doi:10.1086/662574

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Chromosome analysis was not just used for clinical population studies but also to study genetic variation in human populations. Building on a long-standing anthropological tradition, the preferred study objects were geographically or culturally ''isolated'' populations (Lipphardt, 2012). Besides learning about the distribution of chromosome anomalies and genetic markers in different populations, the aim was to gain insights into human evolution.…”

Section: Chromosomes and Human Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whose Turn? Chromosome Research and the Study of the Human Genome

Chadarevian

2017

J Hist Biol

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A common account sees the human genome sequencing project of the 1990s as a "natural outgrowth" of the deciphering of the double helical structure of DNA in the 1950s. The essay aims to complicate this neat narrative by putting the spotlight on the field of human chromosome research that flourished at the same time as molecular biology. It suggests that we need to consider both endeavors - the human cytogeneticists who collected samples and looked down the microscope and the molecular biologists who probed the molecular mechanisms of gene function - to understand the rise of the human genome sequencing project and the current genomic practices. In particular, it proposes that what has often been described as the "molecularization" of cytogenetics could equally well be viewed as the turn of molecular biologists to human and medical genetics - a field long occupied by cytogeneticists. These considerations also have implications for the archives that are constructed for future historians and policy makers.

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Section: Chromosomes and Human Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whose Turn? Chromosome Research and the Study of the Human Genome

Chadarevian

2017

J Hist Biol

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“…Durante las décadas posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, este interés local en el estudio y manejo de la diversidad humana en México se alineó con el interés internacional en el estudio de las poblaciones, en contraste con el enfoque previo de modelo tipológico que privilegiaba el estudio de las razas humanas (2,(8)(9)(10). A este contexto favorable se sumaban el acelerado desarrollo de la biología molecular y de la biomedicina, disciplinas que dependían en buena medida del acceso a nuevas técnicas de laboratorio, especialmente aquellas que analizaban las moléculas de la sangre involucradas en distintas enfermedades (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Desarrollounclassified

“…A este contexto favorable se sumaban el acelerado desarrollo de la biología molecular y de la biomedicina, disciplinas que dependían en buena medida del acceso a nuevas técnicas de laboratorio, especialmente aquellas que analizaban las moléculas de la sangre involucradas en distintas enfermedades (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Las poblaciones indígenas, que tradicionalmente se habían caracterizado como aisladas y altamente consanguíneas 3 , fueron particularmente útiles por brindar el escenario ideal para los estudios sobre genética de poblaciones humanas en el periodo de la segunda posguerra (9,16,17). Un segundo tipo de preguntas le requirió incorporar el uso de la electroforesis en gel para localizar la presencia de hemoglobinas anormales y deficiencias del tipo g6pd en las poblaciones mexicanas.…”

Section: Desarrollounclassified

Aplanar y exhibir la variación: dos estrategias de investigación de la genética humana en México

2018

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Introducción: este artículo analiza dos estrategias de investigación puestas en acción en tres proyectos de estudio de la genética humana en México, entre 1960 y 2009. Se distingue entre una estrategia que incorpora recursos multidisciplinarios en el diseño del muestreo, el análisis e interpretación de datos (a la que se le denomina de exhibición), y una que privilegia consideraciones pragmáticas sobre los análisis multidisciplinarios (a la que se le denomina de aplanamiento). Desarrollo: se analizó el trabajo del médico hematólogo Rubén Lisker en la década de 1960, el mapeo de la diversidad genómica mexicana realizado por investigadores del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica entre 2004 y 2009, y el análisis de la variación nativa llevado a cabo por el genetista Andrés Moreno (en la Universidad de Stanford en ese entonces), y sus colegas en años recientes. Conclusiones: las decisiones estratégicas que toman los científicos tienen consecuencias en la medición y caracterización de la variación genética en las poblaciones humanas, pero también sobre las prácticas sociales demográ cas y biomédicas relacionadas con su estudio. Mientras la primera estrategia exhibe de forma detallada la variación genética oculta en las poblaciones humanas, favoreciendo así la precisión y el realismo, la segunda tiende a aplanar las diferencias individuales y a perder profundidad histórica, pero privilegiando la generalización y la descripción de los grandes rasgos de una población.

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“…They account for a much more numerous community, the majority of which has strong secular values. Moreover, an estimated one third of the 'Russian aliyah', which altogether numbers over a million people, are not halakhically Jewish, as they acquired Israeli citizenship on the grounds of their paternal Jewish descent (Kravel Tovi 2011, 2012. Unlike the Bene Menashe, these Israeli citizens managed to demonstrate a degree of halakhic Jewish ancestry, which was enough to allow them to immigrate to Israel without conversion, but, they were not Jewish according to the Jewish law, and are therefore not allowed to marry a Jewish person in Israel.…”

Section: Bene Menashe and Israel's Religious Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining the Converted Jewish Self: Race, Religion, and Israel's Bene Menashe

Egorova

2015

American Anthropologist

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Isolates and Crosses in Human Population Genetics; or, A Contextualization of German Race Science

Cited by 75 publications

References 23 publications

Whose Turn? Chromosome Research and the Study of the Human Genome

Whose Turn? Chromosome Research and the Study of the Human Genome

Aplanar y exhibir la variación: dos estrategias de investigación de la genética humana en México

Redefining the Converted Jewish Self: Race, Religion, and Israel's Bene Menashe

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