Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella and Salmonella among Under 5 Children with Acute Diarrhoea: A Cross-Sectional Study at Selected Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Diarrhoeal illness remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children<5 years of age worldwide. In Ethiopia, about 230,000 deaths estimated to occur. Shigella and Salmonella are major causes of gastroenteritis in children and is associated with high resistance levels. Thus, the aims of this study was to isolate and determine susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella, isolated from under five children with diarrhoea attending at some selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 253 children 115 males and 138 females with acute diarrhoea were enrolled. Stool samples were cultured and isolated Shigella and Salmonella species were run for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 190 entropathogens were isolated. Sixty one (24.1%) was E. coli, (9.1%) was Shigella followed by (3.95%) Salmonella and Citrobacter species and 86 (34.0%) was parasites. The overall resistance rates of isolated Shigella and Salmonella spp were high for Ampicillin (95.7%, 80.0%) and Augmentin (91.4%, 80) respectively. However, high sensitivity was observed among both isolates for Ciprofloxacin (91.3%, 100%) and Ceftraxion (91.4%, 100%). More than 87% of Shigella species were multiple resistances (resistance for two or more antibiotics). Whereas, 70.0% for Salmonella species. The prevalence of Shigella species was significantly varied among children with different employment parent's status. Raw meat consumption was an independent predictor variable for exposures of Salmonella infection (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Isolation of high frequency of multidrug resistant Shigella and Salmonella spp. from children in the study area is an alarming for the present situation of emerging drug resistance. However, there is still a chance to use ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in area of no culture and sensitivity test performed.

&lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt; Serogroups, Entro-Hemoragic &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and Their Antibiogram Pattern Among Food Handlers in Food-Handling Establishments in Southern Ethiopia

“…There is high resistance of Shigella to commonly used antibiotic agents Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, TrimethoprimSulphamethoxazole, and Chloramphenicol, a finding corroborated with previous reports in Ethiopia [8], [9], [21], [22]. This finding is similar with studies done in different parts of Ethiopia.…”

The burden of Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children visited Alamura Health Center Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…The overall prevalence of Shigella and Salmonella isolated in this study was 8.0% [4.6-11.4%] which is lower than compared with studies conducted in Tanzania A single S. Typhi 0.4% 95% CI [0-1.1%] was isolated in this study which is in line with the ndings reported from the same country in Addis Ababa, 0% (31), 1.1% (43), in contrast to our nding higher rates was reported from Sudan 4.0% (40), China 4.3% (27), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3.95% (26), Kenya 3.4% (46), Turkey 3% (47), Gondar 1.6% (48), and Hawassa 1.5% (24). This difference might be due to sampling size, weather condition and study subjects age differences.…”

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella and Shigella Species Isolated from Pediatric Diarrhea in Tehran

“…Salmonella and particularly Shigella species are increasingly acquiring resistance to commonly used antibiotics, most importantly to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), as the main drug of choice for the treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infections, through the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (6)(7)(8)(9). Data on local antibiotic resistance patterns are essential to have an empiric antibiotic treatment guideline adapted to the Copyright © 2018, Author(s).…”