Isolation and characterization of a lipopeptide-producing Bacillus sp. strain JK08 with antagonistic activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

Aims The present study aimed to isolate a potential antagonist Bacillus sp. and evaluate its capacity for controlling pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquaculture. Methods and results Strain JK08, which showed inhibitory activity against V. parahaemolyticus VP02r, was isolated from a Penaeus vannamei pond. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain JK08 was identified as Bacillus sp. Through culture condition optimization, the maximal inhibition zone diameter (18.19 ± 0.16 mm) was observed when strain JK08 was cultivated at a temperature of 30°C, pH of 7, and salinity of 20‰ in Luria–Bertani broth for 24 h. The inhibition zone against V. parahaemolyticus VP02r of strain JK08 (approximately 7 μg, in mass of crude antimicrobial substance, per tablet) was larger than those (14–18 mm in diameter) of several commercial antibiotics (10 μg per tablet) in the in vitro antagonism assay. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis results indicated the presence of three families of lipopeptides in the antimicrobial substance: surfactin (C12–C17), iturin A (C14–C17), and fengycin A (C14–C17) and B (C17), which might be the key components contributing to the antagonistic activity of Bacillus sp. strain JK08. Conclusions Strain JK08, which is capable of producing antibacterial lipopeptides, shows effective antagonistic activity against V. parahaemolyticus VP02r, implying its promising potential for V. parahaemolyticus control in aquaculture.