Isolation and Characterization of a Hantavirus from
            <i>Lemmus sibiricus</i>
            : Evidence for Host Switch during Hantavirus Evolution

Vapalahti, Olli; Lundkvist, Åke; Fedorov, Vadim B.; Conroy, Chris J.; Hirvonen, Sinikka; Plyusnina, Angelina; Nemirov, Kirill; Fredga, Karl; Cook, Joseph A.; Niemimaa, Jukka; Kaikusalo, Asko; Henttonen, Heikki; Vaheri, Antti; Plyusnin, Alexander

doi:10.1128/jvi.73.7.5586-5592.1999

Cited by 134 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Dendroscope program (2.4) was used to visualize the tree files. Bayesian trees were readdressed to construct a tanglegram of rodent host and associated hantavirus using TreeMap software (2.0b) (21,59). The Markov model in TreeMap was used to test significance by reconstructing 1,000 hantavirus trees with randomized branches and mapping these random trees onto the fixed host tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between hantaviruses and their hosts is relatively specific, although host associations can include two or more animal species, such as Hantaan virus (HTNV) in mouse species Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus peninsulae (72) and Seoul virus (SEOV) in several rat species (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Rattus losea, and Rattus nitidus) (61,69,70). Cross-species transmission (host switching or host jump) between more distantly related rodent hosts is suggested to occur during the evolution of several hantaviruses, e.g., Topografov virus (TOPV) (Lemmus/ Microtus) (59) and Limestone Canyon virus (LSCV) (Peromyscus/ Reithrodontomys) (47). Among the hantaviruses identified recently in insectivores, evidence for host switching between different families of insectivores within the order Soricomorpha was reported (4,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cross-Species Transmission in the Speciation of the Currently Known Murinae-Associated Hantaviruses

Lin

Wang

Guo

et al. 2012

J Virol

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To gain more insight into the phylogeny of Dabieshan virus (DBSV), carried by Niviventer confucianus and other Murinae-associated hantaviruses, genome sequences of novel variants of DBSV were recovered from Niviventer rats trapped in the mountainous areas of Wenzhou, China. Genetic analyses show that all known genetic variants of DBSV, including the ones identified in this study, are distinct from other Murinae-associated hantaviruses. DBSV variants show geographic clustering and high intraspecies diversity. The data suggest that DBSV is a distinct species in the genus Hantavirus. Interestingly, DBSV shows the highest sequence identity to Hantaan virus (HTNV), with a >7% difference in the sequences of the N, GPC, and L proteins, while N. confucianus is more closely related to Rattus norvegicus New emerging viral pathogens, e.g., avian and swine influenza viruses (28, 41), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (17), and human immunodeficiency virus (16, 51), cause epidemics (or pandemics) in humans by changing or expanding their host range. These pathogens are a considerable threat to human and/or wildlife health, agricultural production, and public security (5, 36). Almost all of the novel viruses have circulated in their reservoir hosts for a long time before emerging in humans or other animals (11,36,37). Zoonotic viral pathogens such as hantaviruses and rabies virus show high genetic diversity that depends on natural hosts or geographic origins (7,22,43). The role of cross-species transmission in the generation of a new virus species should be studied in greater detail (26), and better understanding of the evolutionary relationship between zoonotic pathogens and their hosts may help in the prevention and control of (re)emerging diseases.The hantavirus genome consists of three RNA segments, i.e., small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments; they encode, respectively, the nucleocapsid (N) protein (in some hantaviruses, the nonstructural NSs protein), the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of the two envelope glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) (the L protein) (44). At least 23 established and 30 tentative hantavirus species have been identified worldwide in rodents and insectivores (42). Identification of insectivore-carried hantaviruses has increased especially rapidly during the last 5 years (22,24). Each species of these known hantaviruses is specifically associated with one or several closely related rodent or insectivore hosts (42). As the phylogeny of hantaviruses may be congruent with their hosts, hantaviruses are considered to have coevolved (cospeciated) with their respective rodent or insectivore hosts (20,21,23,25,38,39,43,44,52). Recently, Ramsden et al. proposed that there was no codivergence between hantaviruses and their hosts and that the similarities between the phylogenies of hantaviruses and their hosts are the result of a more recent history of preferential host switching and local adaptation (46). Further studies are needed to determine i...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Transmission in the Speciation of the Currently Known Murinae-Associated Hantaviruses

Lin

Wang

Guo

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…Originated in insects and coevolved with them; hantavirus phylogeny shows coevolution with rodents and hostswitching (Zhao and Hay, 1997;Vapalahti et al, 1999). Caliciviridae RNA viruses with worldwide distribution in humans and other vertebrates; common cause of diarrhea in children; transmitted via contaminated food and water or uncooked shellfish.…”

Section: Bunyaviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of viruses in human evolution

Blerkom¹

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

109

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The study of viral molecular genetics has produced a considerable body of research into the sequences and phylogenetic relationships of human and animal viruses. A review of this literature suggests that humans have been afflicted by viruses throughout their evolutionary history, although the number and types have changed. Some viruses show evidence of long-standing intimate relationship and cospeciation with hominids, while others are more recently acquired from other species, including African monkeys and apes while our line was evolving in that continent, and domesticated animals and rodents since the Neolithic. Viral selection for specific resistance polymorphisms is unlikely, but in conjunction with other parasites, viruses have probably contributed to selection pressure maintaining major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity and a strong immune response. They may also have played a role in the loss in our lineage of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a cell-surface receptor for many infectious agents. Shared viruses could have affected hominid species diversity both by promoting divergence and by weeding out less resistant host populations, while viruses carried by humans and other animals migrating out of Africa may have contributed to declines in other populations. Endogenous retroviral insertions since the divergence between humans and chimpanzees were capable of directly affecting hominid evolution through changes in gene expression and development.

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“…Other examples of host switching include transmission of Monongahela virus from Peromyscus maniculatis to P. leucopus, eventually giving rise to New York virus 18 and the crossing of Puumala virus from Clethrionomys species to Lemmus species and onto Microtus species, giving rise to the Topografov and Khabarovsk virus lineages. 19 During an investigation of the 1998 Hendra virus outbreak in Queensland, Australia, it was noticed that grazing horses often sought shelter under trees containing bat roosts. Wild fruit bats in such roosts were found positive for virus and neutralizing antibodies found in otherwise healthy bats.…”

Section: Animals As Reservoirs Of Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging virus diseases: can we ever expect the unexpected?

Howard

Fletcher

2012

Emerging Microbes & Infections

185

143

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Emerging virus diseases are a major threat to human and veterinary public health. With new examples occurring approximately one each year, the majority are viruses originating from an animal host. Of the many factors responsible, changes to local ecosystems that perturb the balance between pathogen and principal host species is one of the major drivers, together with increasing urbanization of mankind and changes in human behavior. Many emerging viruses have RNA genomes and as such are capable of rapid mutation and selection of new variants in the face of environmental changes in host numbers and available target species. This review summarizes recent work on aspects of virus emergence and the current understanding of the molecular and immunological basis whereby viruses may cross between species and become established in new ecological niches. Emergence is hard to predict, although mathematical modeling and spatial epidemiology have done much to improve the prediction of where emergence may occur. However, much needs to be done to ensure adequate surveillance is maintained of animal species known to present the greatest risk thus increasing general alertness among physicians, veterinarians and those responsible for formulating public health policy.

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Isolation and Characterization of a Hantavirus from Lemmus sibiricus : Evidence for Host Switch during Hantavirus Evolution

Cited by 134 publications

References 41 publications

Cross-Species Transmission in the Speciation of the Currently Known Murinae-Associated Hantaviruses

Cross-Species Transmission in the Speciation of the Currently Known Murinae-Associated Hantaviruses

Role of viruses in human evolution

Emerging virus diseases: can we ever expect the unexpected?

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