Isolation and characterization of a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid-degrading soil bacterium

Horvath, M; Ditzelmüller, Günther; Loidl, Michael; Streichsbier, Franz

doi:10.1007/bf00176527

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…RA2 are able to assimilate chlorinated phenols (Radehaus & Schmidt, 1992 ;Karlson et al, 1995 ;Nohynek et al, 1996 ;McCarthy et al, 1997 ;Ohtsubo et al, 1999). S. herbicidovorans has been found to utilize herbicides as carbon sources (Horvath et al, 1990 ;Zipper et al, 1996Zipper et al, , 1998. Sphingomonas xenophaga and Sphingomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from wastewater of a sewage-treatment plant in Tokyo.

Fujii¹,

Urano²,

Ushio³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A nonylphenol-assimilating bacterium isolated at a sewage-treatment plant in Tokyo was studied phenotypically, genotypically and phylogenetically. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence, the GMC content of the DNA (63 mol %) and the isoprenoid quinone composition, as well as the presence of sphingoglycolipid and the whole-cell fatty acid profile, revealed that the isolate is a member of the genus Sphingomonas. However, the sequence similarity of the 16S rDNA with that of known Sphingomonas spp. was found to be at most 96 %, implying that the isolate is distinctive. Furthermore, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and its physiological characteristics clearly indicated that the isolate represents a new Sphingomonas species, for which the name Sphingomonas cloacae is proposed ; strain S-3 T (l JCM 10874 T l IAM 14885 T ) is the type strain.Keywords : Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., biodegradation, endocrine disrupter chemical, nonylphenol INTRODUCTIONNonylphenol (NP) is known as an important intermediate in the production of many kinds of commercial and industrial materials. Above all, NP is used in the production of nonylphenol polyethoxylate, a nonionic surfactant with many industrial applications. However, NP is also known as a ubiquitous pollutant in urban aquatic environments, with concentrations in the p.p.b. (µg l −" ) order, and is found in both sediment and surface water (Giger et al., 1984 ;Ahel & Giger, 1985 ;Brunner et al., 1988 ;Marcomini et al., 1990 ;Rudel et al., 1996 ;Isobe & Takada, 1998 ;Kojima & Watanabe, 1998). There is growing evidence that NP has a certain oestrogenic activity (Granmo et al., 1989 ;Ekelund et al., 1990 ;Soto et al., 1991 ;Ahel et al., 1993 ; Jobling & Sumpter, 1993 ;Gray & Metcalfe, 1997 ;Ren et al., 1997 ;Shurin & Dodson, 1997 ;Ashfield et al., 1998 ;Coldham et al., 1998 ;Sonnenschein & Soto, 1998 Abbreviation : NP, nonylphenol.The GenBank/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of strain S-3 T is AB040739. et al., 2000) and have isolated a NPdegrading bacterium (K. Fujii and others, unpublished data), which has been designated strain S-3 T . This strain degraded 1000 p.p.m. NP, i.e. a 10 000-1 000 000-fold higher concentration than found in urban environments, almost completely within 10 d. Analysis of 16S rDNA partial sequences strongly suggested that the bacterium is a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas. Tokyo (FujiiTo precisely identify and phylogenetically place strain S-3 T , phenotypic characterization, analysis of isoprenoid quinone composition, fatty acid composition, polar lipid pattern and DNA GjC content, 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization were carried out. On the basis of our results we propose that S-3 T should be placed in a new species of the genus Sphingomonas, Sphingomonas cloacae. METHODS Chemicals* IFO, Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan ; JCM, Japan Collection of Microorganisms, Saitama, Japan ; ATTC, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA ; DSM, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from wastewater of a sewage-treatment plant in Tokyo.

Fujii¹,

Urano²,

Ushio³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…strain MH), completely degrades both enantiomers of mecoprop in an enantioselective manner (29). The pathway for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in S. herbicidovorans MH seems to correspond to the one in 2,4-D-grown Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, i.e., via ortho cleavage of the aromatic ring (12,19).In contrast to the ample knowledge of the biochemistry of the degradation of the phenolic metabolites, little is known of the biochemistry of the initial steps in the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides. Recently, it has been shown that R. eutropha JMP134 does not initiate metabolism of 2,4-D by a monooxygenase but by an ␣-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase which is encoded by the tfdA gene of plasmid pJP4 (7).…”

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confidence: 92%

Involvement of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in enantioselective degradation of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH

1997

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Cell extracts of Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH grown on (R)-mecoprop contained an enzyme activity that selectively converted (R)-mecoprop to 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, whereas extracts of cells grown on (S)-meco-prop contained an enzyme activity selective for the S enantiomer. Both reactions were dependent on ␣-ketoglutarate and ferrous ions. Besides 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, pyruvate and succinate were detected as products of the reactions. Labeling experiments with 18 O 2 revealed that both enzyme activities catalyzed a dioxygenation reaction. One of the oxygen atoms of pyruvate and one of the oxygen atoms of succinate were derived from molecular oxygen. Analysis of cell extracts obtained from cells grown on different substrates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that growth on (R)-mecoprop and (S)-mecoprop caused the appearance of prominent protein bands at 34 and 32 kDa, respectively. Both protein bands were present when cells grew on the racemic mixture. The results demonstrate that S. herbicidovorans initiated the degradation of each enantiomer of mecoprop by a specific ␣-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. By comparing conversion rates of various phenoxy herbicides, we confirmed that the two enzyme activities were distinct from that of TfdA, which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134.Substituted phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides are widely used in weed control. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the chiral compounds (R,S)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (mecoprop) and (R,S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (dichlorprop) are members of this class of herbicides. The herbicidal activities of the last two compounds are exclusively associated with the R enantiomers. Today, the pure R enantiomers of mecoprop and of dichlorprop are commercially available as mecoprop-P and dichlorprop-P, respectively. Yet many commercial formulations contain the racemic mixtures and not the pure R enantiomers (27). In order to understand the environmental fate of the chiral compound mecoprop, it is important to study the degradation of the enantiomers independently, as has been recently emphasized (1,2,9,22,29).Studies concerning the fate and the persistence of phenoxyalkanoic acids in soil revealed that degradation of these herbicides is caused mainly by microorganisms (17, 23). The breakdown of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 2,4-D starts with the removal of the alkanoic acid side chain to yield the corresponding phenol (17). Consequently, a great deal of research effort was put into unravelling the subsequent degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, the metabolites of 2,4-D and MCPA, respectively (10). In soil, the microbial metabolism of mecoprop leads to the appearance of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (24). This metabolite is also formed in a mixed bacterial culture with mecoprop as the sole source of carbon and energy (14). So far, only two pure bacterial strains have be...

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Strains selected for their capability to utilize racemic phenoxypropionate herbicides like (RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate (2,4-DP, dichlorprop) and (RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionate (MCPP, mecoprop) are more rare. Examples are Sphingobium herbicidovorans MH, 8,[13][14][15] Delftia acidovorans MC1, 16,17) Rhodoferax sp. P230, 17,18) and several less well described strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Uptake Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate byDelftia acidovoransMC1 and Derivative Strains: Complex Characteristics in Response to pH and Growth Substrate

Müller

Hoffmann

2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Isolation and characterization of a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid-degrading soil bacterium

Cited by 72 publications

References 13 publications

Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from wastewater of a sewage-treatment plant in Tokyo.

Sphingomonas cloacae sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from wastewater of a sewage-treatment plant in Tokyo.

Involvement of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in enantioselective degradation of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH

Uptake Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate byDelftia acidovoransMC1 and Derivative Strains: Complex Characteristics in Response to pH and Growth Substrate

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