Isolation and characterization of a filamentous viruslike particle from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444

Kim, A Y; Blaschek, Hans P.

doi:10.1128/jb.173.2.530-535.1991

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Suicide vectors designed for either single-or double (gene replacement)-crossover events can be used for gene knockout studies as discussed above (see "Metabolic engineering"). A filamentous virus-like particle from C. acetobutylicum NCIB 6444 has been isolated (329) and used to construct a replicative phagemid (330). Conjugative transposons with selectable antibiotic resistance markers may be used for gene isolation and characterization by insertional mutagenesis, as reviewed for clostridia by Young et al (771).…”

Section: Native Cellulolytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,047

2,868

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for “consolidated bioprocessing” (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts

show abstract

Section: Native Cellulolytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,047

2,868

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different aspects of inovirus biology as well as their biotechnological appeal have been extensively investigated and recently reviewed (105,223), while plectroviruses have received only modest attention. Inoviruses were found to infect a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria as well as some Gram-positive species (49,132,241). Plectroviruses, on the other hand, infect mollicutes, such as Spiroplasma and Acholeplasma (171).…”

Section: Inoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

219

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.

show abstract

“…Until now, there have been only infrequent reports of Ff-related phage active on gram-positive bacteria. A filamentous virus-like particle has been isolated from Clostridium acetobutylicum (17). However, the infectivity of this particle was not demonstrated, and its DNA was not characterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous Phage Active on the Gram-Positive BacteriumPropionibacterium freudenreichii

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present the first description of a single-stranded DNA filamentous phage able to replicate in a grampositive bacterium. Phage B5 infects Propionibacterium freudenreichii and has a genome consisting of 5,806 bases coding for 10 putative open reading frames. The organization of the genome is very similar to the organization of the genomes of filamentous phages active on gram-negative bacteria. The putative coat protein exhibits homology with the coat proteins of phages PH75 and Pf3 active on Thermus thermophilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. B5 is, therefore, evolutionarily related to the filamentous phages active on gram-negative bacteria.Filamentous phages are flexible rods that contain circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) coding for about 10 genes. They infect gram-negative bacteria by using a unique strategy of virion morphogenesis. Progeny particles are continually extruded or secreted across the bacterial membranes, causing neither lysis nor cell death (for reviews see references 22 and 23). This mode of assembly and excretion is related to bacterial processes responsible for the assembly of type 4 pili and for type II protein secretion (30). Many different filamentous phages have been characterized, and the Escherichia coli Ff phage family (M13, fd, and f1) is the best studied. Previous studies led to a better understanding of the role of these phages in bacterial evolution and the of spread of virulence factors. They also led to important applications in DNA sequencing and phage display techniques. Until now, there have been only infrequent reports of Ff-related phage active on gram-positive bacteria. A filamentous virus-like particle has been isolated from Clostridium acetobutylicum (17). However, the infectivity of this particle was not demonstrated, and its DNA was not characterized. More recently, five phages with filamentous morphology were isolated during a survey of phages active on Propionibacterium freudenreichii (9), a bacterium widely used in Swiss-type cheese manufacture to produce the characteristic flavor and eyes. In this work, we characterized one of these phages, a phage designated B5. This phage contains a ssDNA consisting of 5,806 bases and has a genome organization similar to the genome organization of other filamentous phages. This is the first description of an ssDNA phage genome that replicates in a gram-positive bacterium.Phage B5 was propagated on P. freudenreichii strain TIL18 in Yel medium (12) at 30°C and was enumerated by using the soft agar layer method (1). One-step growth experiments (1) revealed a latent period of about 11 h that corresponded to the generation time of the host. Phage B5 particles were filamentous, and the average size was 620 nm long by 12 nm wide (Fig. 1). Phage DNA, extracted as previously described (8), was resistant to all restriction enzymes but was degraded by S1 nuclease. These results suggested that like the genomes of all filamentous phages described so far, the phage B5 genome consists of ssDNA. Therefore, upon infection phage DNA ...

show abstract

Isolation and characterization of a filamentous viruslike particle from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Filamentous Phage Active on the Gram-Positive BacteriumPropionibacterium freudenreichii

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About