Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line

Shabman, Reed S.; Shrivastava, Susmita; Tsibane, Tshidi; Attie, Oliver; Jayaprakash, Anitha; Mire, Chad E.; Dilley, Kari E.; Puri, Vinita; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Sachidanandam, Ravi; Basler, Christopher F.

doi:10.1128/msphere.00070-15

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, alternative topology testing revealed that strict cospeciation is not supported by the data, congruent with a polyphyletic origin for most γHVs. A strict bat origin for γHVs was also not supported, suggesting that many species have played a role in the sequential spread of γHVs throughout evolutionary history (8, 11, 12). Hence, we propose that the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily has evolved by many interspecies transfers, with specific host codivergence playing a role in γHV evolution only after adaptation to a new host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

Escalera-Zamudio

Rojas-Anaya

Kolokotronis

et al. 2016

mBio

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Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are generally considered host specific and to have codiverged with their hosts over millions of years. This tenet is challenged here by broad-scale phylogenetic analysis of two viral genes using the largest sample of mammalian γHVs to date, integrating for the first time bat γHV sequences available from public repositories and newly generated viral sequences from two vampire bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata). Bat and primate viruses frequently represented deep branches within the supported phylogenies and clustered among viruses from distantly related mammalian taxa. Following evolutionary scenario testing, we determined the number of host-switching and cospeciation events. Cross-species transmissions have occurred much more frequently than previously estimated, and most of the transmissions were attributable to bats and primates. We conclude that the evolution of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily has been driven by both cross-species transmissions and subsequent cospeciation within specific viral lineages and that the bat and primate orders may have potentially acted as superspreaders to other mammalian taxa throughout evolutionary history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

Escalera-Zamudio

Rojas-Anaya

Kolokotronis

et al. 2016

mBio

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“…Primary cells can also harbor latent viruses that can become reactivated during in vitro cultivation when the cells are outside the host and isolated from other components of the immune system that would otherwise control virus replication. Most mammals, including bats harbor persistent viruses [reviewed by (Calisher et al, 2006)], and viruses have been isolated or identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) from bat cell lines (Shabman et al, 2016). Cell lines from any species of bat should therefore only be handled under controlled biosafety conditions and thoroughly tested before being used for experimental studies.…”

Section: Considerations For Development Of Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats

et al. 2018

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Bats are natural reservoirs for a variety of emerging viruses that cause significant disease in humans and domestic animals yet rarely cause clinical disease in bats. The co-evolutionary history of bats with viruses has been hypothesized to have shaped the bat-virus relationship, allowing both to exist in equilibrium. Progress in understanding bat-virus interactions and the isolation of bat-borne viruses has been accelerated in recent years by the development of susceptible bat cell lines. Viral sequences similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV) have been detected in bats, and filoviruses such as Marburg virus have been isolated from bats, providing definitive evidence for the role of bats as the natural host reservoir. Although viruses can be readily detected in bats using molecular approaches, virus isolation is far more challenging. One of the limitations in using traditional culture systems from non-reservoir species is that cell types and culture conditions may not be compatible for isolation of bat-borne viruses. There is, therefore, a need to develop additional bat cell lines that correspond to different cell types, including less represented cell types such as immune cells, and culture them under more physiologically relevant conditions to study virus host interactions and for virus isolation. In this review, we highlight the current progress in understanding bat-virus interactions in bat cell line systems and some of the challenges and limitations associated with cell lines. Future directions to address some of these challenges to better understand host-pathogen interactions in these intriguing mammals are also discussed, not only in relation to viruses but also other pathogens carried by bats including bacteria and fungi.

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“…The Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily is divided into Macavirus , Percavirus , Lymphocryptovirus , and Rhadinovirus genera ( 18 ). Shabman et al ( 19 ) report the identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis of an MVI-it bat cell line derived from an interscapular tumor from the microbat Myotis velifer incautus . The new virus was named bat gammaherpesvirus 8 (BGHV8) according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) standards.…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there also exists a potential for the transmission of this bat gammaherpesvirus into humans. In summary, the article by Shabman et al ( 19 ) represents an exciting new step in understanding the bat viral reservoir.…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a Novel Bat Gammaherpesvirus

Host

Damania

2016

mSphere

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Zoonosis is the leading cause of emerging infectious diseases. In a recent article, R. S. Shabman et al. (mSphere 1[1]:e00070-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00070-15) report the identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in a cell line derived from the microbat Myotis velifer incautus. This is the first report on a replicating, infectious gammaherpesvirus from bats. The new virus is named bat gammaherpesvirus 8 (BGHV8), also known as Myotis gammaherpesvirus 8, and is able to infect multiple cell lines, including those of human origin. Using next-generation sequencing technology, the authors constructed a full-length annotated genomic map of BGHV8. Phylogenetic analysis of several genes from BGHV8 revealed similarity to several mammalian gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).

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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats

Discovery of a Novel Bat Gammaherpesvirus

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