Isolation and Characterization of Abietic Acid

Nong, Wei; Chen, Xiao Peng; Liang, Jie; Wang, Lin Lin; Zhang, Tong; Huang, Ke Lin; Wu, Rui; Xie, Qing Ruo; Jia, Yan; Li, Ke Xian

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.551

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The very strong band at 1692 cm -1 corresponds to the carboxylic acid CO stretching vibration, which is characteristic of diterpenoid resin acids. [43,44,45] This corroborates the presence of resin acid compounds as the clearly predominant constituents of the resin as identified by GC-MS. Further indication of the general compositional similarities of silver fir and Rocky mountain fir resin are the largely similar positions of the OH bending, CO stretching, and in-plane CH bending bands in the wavenumber region of 1268 -1035 cm, [1] and the out-of-plane CH bending vibrations in the region of 906 -652 cm -1 , respectively. Almost identical positions can be observed for the CH stretching vibration bands at 3079 -2868 cm -1 and the CH 3 and CH 2  bending vibrations at 1458, 1384, and 1364 cm -1 .…”

Section: Resins Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 77%

Pinaceae Fir Resins as Natural Dielectrics for Low Voltage Operating, Hysteresis‐Free Organic Field Effect Transistors

Ivić

Petritz

Irimia

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Natural dielectrics are emerging nowadays as a niche selection of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability for electronics and sensors within the overall effort of scientific community to achieve sustainable development and to build environmental consciousness. The two natural resins analyzed in this study, silver fir and Rocky mountain fir demonstrate robust dielectric properties and excellent film forming capabilities, while being trap free dielectrics in high‐performance organic field effect transistors (OFETs) operating at voltages as low as 1 V. Immense research possibilities are demonstrated through the avenue of inorganic nanofillers insertions in the natural resins film, that opens the door for fabrication of very low voltage OFETs with high dielectric constant insulating layers.

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Section: Resins Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 77%

Pinaceae Fir Resins as Natural Dielectrics for Low Voltage Operating, Hysteresis‐Free Organic Field Effect Transistors

Ivić

Petritz

Irimia

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…The carbonyl of carboxylic salts bands appears at lower wavenumbers (from ~1700 to ~1550 cm −1 ) than the carbonyl of the acid in free form or of the esters (see Table 1). In Table 1, the main signals, in the mid-infrared spectral range, of linseed oil, colophony, abietic and palmitic acid, are reported according to literature [6,8,22,23,[33][34][35][36]. Many factors can contribute to the broadening of the band even in the experimental conditions; this broadening is related to the presence of different kind of fatty acids (mono and di-functional), the carboxylates partially coordinated around the pigment grains, the free ones and the aggregated ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying Oil and Natural Varnishes in Paintings: A Competition in the Metal Soap Formation

et al. 2021

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Metal soaps formation is a well-known issue in oil paintings. Along the lifetime of the painting, carboxylic acids coming from drying oil (free fatty acids, acids from hydrolysis of triglycerides and from oxidation processes) can react with cations of some pigments (in particular, smalt, lead white and zinc white) forming the related carboxylic salts. As observed by many authors, the formation of these carboxylates, with the tendency to migrate and to aggregate, not only modifies the behavior and the aspect of the paint film but also complicates the cleaning approach. In previous works we have demonstrated that a similar pigment reactivity is possible even in presence of natural resins (such as colophony, dammar, mastic, etc) historically used as final varnishes on paintings. In this case, in the reactions the terpenic acids, among the main components of the resins, are involved. In this work, the carboxylates formation kinetics has been studied starting from two representative acids (palmitic and abietic) of painting oils and natural varnishes. Successively, the reactivity of the palmitic acid with the potassium abietate and of the abietic acid with the potassium palmitate has been verified. This investigation aims at clarifying in which way terpenic acids can be involved in the metal soaps reactivity confirming that also surface varnishes may play a significant role in the carboxylates formation and reactivity. It is important to keep in mind that a finishing varnish can be removed and reapplied many times during the lifetime of a painting, thus renewing the provision of reactive terpenic acids at the interface of the painted layers.

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“…The most prevailing compounds among the Gyr-B top-scoring hits were Abietane-type diterpenes and isoquinoline alkaloids. However, they were not accessible from their plant sources, or their plant sources were not available in Egypt, except for abietic acid (16), which is considered the main constituent in the common medicinal resin, colophony [19]. Hence, abietic acid (16) was selected for in vitro testing to represent this class of compounds.…”

Section: Molecular Docking-based Virtual Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico-Based Discovery of Natural Anthraquinones with Potential against Multidrug-Resistant E. coli

et al. 2022

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E. coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes different human infections. Additionally, it resists common antibiotics due to its outer protective membrane. Natural products have been proven to be efficient antibiotics. However, plant natural products are far less explored in this regard. Accordingly, over 16,000 structures covering almost all African medicinal plants in AfroDb in a structural-based virtual screening were used to find efficient anti-E. coli candidates. These drug-like structures were docked into the active sites of two important molecular targets (i.e., E. coli’s Ddl-B and Gyr-B). The top-scoring hits (i.e., got docking scores < −10 kcal/mol) produced in the initial virtual screening (0.15% of the database structures for Ddl-B and 0.17% of the database structures for Gyr-B in the database) were further refined using molecular dynamic simulation-based binding free energy (ΔG) calculation. Anthraquinones were found to prevail among the retrieved hits. Accordingly, readily available anthraquinone derivatives (10 hits) were selected, prepared, and tested in vitro against Ddl-B, Gyr-B, multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, MRSA, and VRSA. A number of the tested derivatives demonstrated strong micromolar enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activity against E. coli, MRSA, and VRSA, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 µg/mL. Moreover, both E. coli’s Ddl-B and Gyr-B were inhibited by emodin and chrysophanol with IC50 values comparable to the reference inhibitors (IC50 = 216 ± 5.6, 236 ± 8.9 and 0.81 ± 0.3, 1.5 ± 0.5 µM for Ddl-B and Gyr-B, respectively). All of the active antibacterial anthraquinone hits showed low to moderate cellular cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 µM) against human normal fibroblasts (WI-38). Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) experiments were carried out to reveal the binding modes of these inhibitors inside the active site of each enzyme. The findings presented in this study are regarded as a significant step toward developing novel antibacterial agents against MDR strains.

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Isolation and Characterization of Abietic Acid

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Pinaceae Fir Resins as Natural Dielectrics for Low Voltage Operating, Hysteresis‐Free Organic Field Effect Transistors

Pinaceae Fir Resins as Natural Dielectrics for Low Voltage Operating, Hysteresis‐Free Organic Field Effect Transistors

Drying Oil and Natural Varnishes in Paintings: A Competition in the Metal Soap Formation

In Silico-Based Discovery of Natural Anthraquinones with Potential against Multidrug-Resistant E. coli

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