Isolation and characterization of an atrazine-degrading bacterium from industrial wastewater in China

Cai, Baoli; Han, Yong; Liu, Biaolong; Ren, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Sunny C.

doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01307.x

Cited by 107 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There is evidence that s-triazine metabolism has recently evolved, and the initiating reactions are almost invariably plasmid encoded. Arthrobacter species are being increasingly isolated and are partic- ularly efficient at metabolizing s-triazine compounds (1,8,53,72). This efficiency stems from the broad-spectrum TrzN enzyme initiating metabolism and from the ability to rapidly assimilate the alkylamine fragments generated by AtzB and AtzC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Catabolic Pathways: Genomic Insights into Microbial s -Triazine Metabolism

Shapir

Mongodin²,

Sadowsky

et al. 2007

J Bacteriol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Catabolic Pathways: Genomic Insights into Microbial s -Triazine Metabolism

Shapir

Mongodin²,

Sadowsky

et al. 2007

J Bacteriol

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“…strains C190, SP12, and C157, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, and Arthrobacter sp. strain AD1 (3,21,24,25,32,37). Nocardioides sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Atrazine Catabolism Genes trzN , atzB , and atzC Are Linked on a 160-Kilobase Region and Are Functional in Escherichia coli

Sajjaphan

Shapir

Wackett

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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Arthrobacter aurescens strain TC1 metabolizes atrazine to cyanuric acid via TrzN, AtzB, and AtzC. The complete sequence of a 160-kb bacterial artificial chromosome clone indicated that trzN, atzB, and atzC are linked on the A. aurescens genome. TrzN, AtzB, and AtzC were shown to be functional in Escherichia coli. Hybridization studies localized trzN, atzB, and atzC to a 380-kb plasmid in A. aurescens strain TC1.The complete nucleotide sequences of over 100 bacterial plasmids are now available, but most of these plasmids are relatively small and of interest primarily in microbial pathogenesis (for example, in the context of antibiotic resistance or toxin production). By contrast, only a limited number of large catabolic plasmids or catabolic islands on chromosomes have been sequenced. Examples include plasmids pNL1 from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans strain F199 (23), pAO1 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans (11), pACR1 from Pseudomonas resinovorans strain CA10 (13), the TOL plasmid pWW0 from Pseudomonas putida (9), pBD2 from Rhodococcus erythropolis BD2 (31), pADP-1 from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP (16), and the 105-kb catabolic island from Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 (28). Large catabolic plasmids can be difficult to isolate for sequencing. Thus, to facilitate widespread sequencing of large catabolic gene regions, more innovative strategies are needed. For example, plasmids have been identified via whole-genome shotgun sequencing of Deinococcus radiodurans (41) and Enterococcus faecalis (19).A wide variety of bacteria degrading the herbicide atrazine have been reported (2,14,21,22,32,36,37,43), and in all cases examined except one (3) the genes involved are located on plasmids (5,25,36,39). In Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP (14), the six atrazine-catabolic genes (atzA, atzB, atzC, and atzDEF) have been localized to plasmid pADP-1, from which the complete nucleotide sequence is now available (16). The atzA, atzB, and atzC genes have also been localized to different-sized plasmids in the gram-negative bacteria Chelatobacter heintzii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudaminobacter spp., and hybridization analyses indicate that the atzB and atzC genes reside on a 117-kb plasmid in the gram-positive bacterium Arthrobacter crystallopoietes (25,36). The presence of nearly identical atrazine genes in Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Ralstonia strains (2,5,22,24,33,39) further suggests that horizontal gene transfer is involved in the dissemination of atrazine-catabolic genes.Some differences have been observed in the gene content of the gram-positive atrazine-degrading bacteria Nocardioides sp. strains C190, SP12, and C157, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, and Arthrobacter sp. strain AD1 (3,21,24,25,32,37). Nocardioides sp. strain C190 (37) does not contain atzA, atzB, or atzC, and atrazine degradation is initiated by the product of the trzN gene, which has been cloned and sequenced previously (17). A. crystallopoietes was shown to contain trzN, atzB, and atzC (25).The isolation and characteri...

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“…The 16S rRNA gene of PA68 was PCR amplified (5 min at 94 uC; 30 cycles of 45 s at 94 uC, 45 s at 55 uC, 2 min at 72 uC; 10 min at 72 uC) from chromosomal DNA of PA68 using the universal primers 27F (59-AGAGTTTGATCMT-GGCTCAG-39) and 1492R (59-CGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-39) (Lane, 1991;Cai et al, 2003), and the PCR product was cloned into cloning vector pMD18 (TaKaRa), following the manufacturer's instructions. The resulting plasmid, pMD18-16S, was used as the template for DNA sequencing to obtain the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of two new genes involved in twitching motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Shan

Shi

et al. 2004

Microbiology

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Mu transposition complexes were used for transposon mutagenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA68. Mu DNA transposition complexes were assembled with MuA transposase and an artificial mini-Mu transposon in vitro, and introduced into Pseudomonas aeruginosa by electroporation. Eight mutants deficient in twitching motility were isolated. Southern blotting confirmed that the insertions had occurred as single events. DNA sequencing of the region flanking the insertion in the twitching-motility mutants revealed that the mini-Mu transposon had inserted into six different genes, PAO171, PA1822, PAO413, PA4959, PA4551 and PA5040. Four of these have previously been proven to be needed for twitching motility, whereas the PA1822 and PA0171 genes have not previously been shown to be required for twitching motility. The twitching-motility defect in the PA1822 mutant was partially complemented by providing the PA1822 gene in trans, and the defect in the PA0171 mutant was fully complemented when PA0171 was provided. A PA0171 mutant and a PA1822 mutant were constructed by gene replacement in the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. These mutants were deficient in twitching motility, showing that both the PA1822 and the PA0171 gene are involved in twitching motility.

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Isolation and characterization of an atrazine-degrading bacterium from industrial wastewater in China

Cited by 107 publications

References 22 publications

Evolution of Catabolic Pathways: Genomic Insights into Microbial s -Triazine Metabolism

Evolution of Catabolic Pathways: Genomic Insights into Microbial s -Triazine Metabolism

Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Atrazine Catabolism Genes trzN , atzB , and atzC Are Linked on a 160-Kilobase Region and Are Functional in Escherichia coli

Identification of two new genes involved in twitching motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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