ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE FROM Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth POD BIOMASS WASTES FOR POLYMER REINFORCEMENT COMPOSITE

Abstract

The interest in natural reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in industrial and basic research applications. This is based on its availability, renewability, low density, cheapness, biodegradability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The research reports on the isolation and characterization of cellulose from Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) biomass wastes for polymer reinforcement composites. Cellulose was successfully isolated from PMBP biomass via delignification and bleaching. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and deformation gravimetric analysis (DGA) were used to characterise the raw and isolated cellulose. The isolated cellulose has better thermal stability, crystallinity, and porosity than the raw cellulose. The removal of the matrix material (most hemicelluloses and almost all the lignin) led to an increase in the crystallinity and the maintenance of the thermal stability of the cellulose. The functional group elucidation showed that both raw and isolated contained cellulose, the morphology of the cellulose revealed some essential elements that are suitable for good polymer reinforcement composites. The obtained cellulose could serve as a reinforcing material in composite products or as a raw material for other applications.

Microcrystalline Cellulose of Oil Bean Pod: Extraction, Physico-chemical, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Flow-ability Analysis

“…This was done by weighing out a known amount of the biomass into a container and placing it in the Biotech Muffle furnace. The biomass is then heated for 3hours at a constant temperature of 900 o C. The sample is then rapidly removed and put into a desiccator to prevent moisture uptake from the atmosphere after which the sample was then reweighed Nsude et al [1]. The procedure was repeated several times until a constant weight was obtained.…”

“…[21] and Nsude et al [1], who investigated the physicochemical characteristics of selected lignocelluloses and celluloses of different biomass.…”

“…Modern industrial societies are utilizing more expensive materials for a wide range of cutting-edge applications due to the application of microtechnology. This is due to the fact that they frequently have higher qualities than currently available conventional materials; advanced materials could potentially outperform them in terms of properties and applications [1]. Many high-tech companies, including those in the medical, aerospace, automotive, and power industries, have made extensive use of sophisticated materials.…”

“…"Cellulose is an important polymer that can be tailored to meet specific requirements and can also be used as a functional and structural material in the creation of valuable composites. It is the most common type of organic compound on the planet and has been around for a very long time" [1,9]. "Furthermore, it is naturally occurring, inexpensive, biodegradable, a lowdensity compound, and perfectly suited to the topic of renewability.…”

Characterization of Celluloic-Based Polymer of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod (PMBP) and its Copper(II) ion Adsorption Performance

“…Plant fibres like cotton, hemp, flax, and jute, as well as wood, which contain 42% cellulose, are the main sources of cellulose. It is insoluble in water and easily separated from the other plant elements [3,4]. Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth is a tree native to Nigeria's southern and middle belt areas, as well as other West and Central African coastal locations.…”