Isolation and Characterization of CHRASCH, a Polycomb-Containing Silencing Complex

Huang, Der-Hwa; Chang, Yuh-Long

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(03)77016-5

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Flies for immunostaining analysis of the polytene chromosomes were grown at 18°C. Immunostaining of the polytene chromosomes were performed essentially as described previously (32). Details of the processes and image analysis are described in SI Materials and Methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of the Drosophila chromosome 4 by the histone H3K9 methyltransferase dSETDB1

Tzeng

Lee

Chan

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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The polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster consist of condensed heterochromatin regions most of which are in the chromocenter, telomeres, and the fourth chromosome. Whereas suppressor of variegation 3-9 [SU(VAR)3-9], a histone methyltransferase, is mainly responsible for lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9) methylation of the chromocenter and consequent binding of the heterochromatin-protein HP1, the enzyme for painting of the fourth chromosome by H3K9 methylation has been elusive. We show here that dSETDB1, the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian SETDB1, is an authentic H3K9 methyltransferase and a pleio-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of the Drosophila chromosome 4 by the histone H3K9 methyltransferase dSETDB1

Tzeng

Lee

Chan

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…A variant of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) called CHRASCH, responsible for maintaining a repressive chromatin structure and inhibiting transcription, also contains HDAC1 (Huang and Chang, 2004). Moreover, interaction between Drosophila Hdac1 and a complex including the histone demethylase Lid, a trithorax group (trxG) protein has recently been described .…”

Section: Hdac1 and Hdac2 As Members Of Multiprotein Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone deacetylase HDAC1/HDAC2-controlled embryonic development and cell differentiation

Brunmeir¹,

Lagger²,

Seiser³

2009

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

154

147

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During development from the fertilized egg to a multicellular organism, cell fate decisions have to be taken and cell lineage or tissue-specific gene expression patterns are created and maintained. These alterations in gene expression occur in the context of chromatin structure and are controlled by chromatin modifying enzymes. Gene disruption studies in different genetic systems have shown an essential role of various histone deacetylases (HDACs) during early development and cellular differentiation. In this review, we focus on the functions of the class I enzymes HDAC1 and HDAC2 during development in different organisms and summarise the current knowledge about their involvement in neurogenesis, myogenesis, haematopoiesis and epithelial cell differentiation. KEY WORDS: HDAC1, HDAC2, chromatin, differentiation, development Histone deacetylasesPosttranslational modifications of histones cause changes in the accessibility of DNA, thereby regulating many important cellular processes including transcription. Acetylation of core histones leads to a change in the net positive charge of histone tails and local opening of chromatin structure, a feature of transcriptionally active genes. On the other hand, deacetylated histone tails interact more closely with DNA and lead to a repressive state. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from histone tails and are therefore considered as transcriptional corepressors. In addition to histones, HDACs also deacetylate non-histone proteins, such as the cytoskeletal protein tubulin (Hubbert et al., 2002) or transcription factors including p53 (Luo et al., 2000), E2F1 (MartinezBalbas et al., 2000) and YY1 (Yao et al., 2001). In fact, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the enzymatic activity was initially directed against non-histone proteins in a common ancestor devoid of histones (Gregoretti et al., 2004). In mammals, 18 deacetylases have been identified so far. These enzymes have been divided into 4 classes based on sequence similarity: Classic HDACs comprise class I (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3-like), class II (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hda1-like) and class IV (HDAC11-like) enzymes. Class III consists of NAD-dependent, functionally unrelated Sir2-like deacetylases Int. J. Dev. Biol. 53: 275-289 (2009) Abbreviations used in this paper: HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDA, HDAC, histone deacetylase; HDI, HDAC inhibitor; NuRD, nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex; Rpd3, reduced potassium dependency 3.named "sirtuins". Class I, II and IV HDACs are members of an ancient enzyme family, highly conserved throughout eukaryotic and prokaryotic evolution and are found in animals, plants, fungi, archaebacteria and eubacteria (Gregoretti et al., 2004). Class I histone deacetylasesPhylogenetic analysis revealed that class I genes in animals can be grouped into HDAC1/HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8-like genes. Members of each subclass have been identified in protostomia (Oger et al., 2008) and deuterostomia. Species analysed so far carry orthologs (...

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“…These studies prompted the similar biochemical purification of trxG complexes, and a number of them have been identified in the last decade (Papoulas et al 1998, Petruk et al 2001, Badenhorst et al 2002, Fyodorov et al 2004. A common feature of these complexes is their lack of associated sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, with the exception of Zeste (Sato & Denell 1985) and Pipsqueak (PSQ) (Huang & Chang 2004), both of which were found in variants of the PRC1 complex. The DNA-binding factors responsible for PcG and trxG recruitment to PRE seem to form separate complexes that may interact with PcG and trxG proteins on chromatin templates.…”

Section: Pcg and Trxg Proteins: Molecular Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

From genetics to epigenetics: the tale of Polycomb group and trithorax group genes

2006

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The Polycomb gene was discovered 60 years ago as a mutation inducing a particular homeotic phenotype. Subsequent work showed that Polycomb is a general repressor of homeotic genes. Other genes with similar function were identified and named Polycomb group (PcG) genes, while trithorax group (trxG) genes were shown to counteract PcG-mediated repression of homeotic genes. We now know that PcG and trxG proteins are conserved factors that regulate hundreds of different genomic loci. A sophisticated pathway is responsible for recruitment of these proteins at regulatory regions that were named PcG and trxG response elements (PRE and TRE). Once recruited to their targets, multimeric PcG and trxG protein complexes regulate transcription by modulating chromatin structure, in particular via deposition of specific post-translational histone modification marks and control of chromatin accessibility, as well as regulation of the three-dimensional nuclear organization of PRE and TRE. Here, we recapitulate the history of PcG and trxG gene discovery, we review the current evidence on their molecular function and, based on this evidence, we propose a revised classification of genes involved in PcG and trxG regulatory pathways.

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Isolation and Characterization of CHRASCH, a Polycomb-Containing Silencing Complex

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Epigenetic regulation of the Drosophila chromosome 4 by the histone H3K9 methyltransferase dSETDB1

Epigenetic regulation of the Drosophila chromosome 4 by the histone H3K9 methyltransferase dSETDB1

Histone deacetylase HDAC1/HDAC2-controlled embryonic development and cell differentiation

From genetics to epigenetics: the tale of Polycomb group and trithorax group genes

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