Isolation and characterization of compatible diploids of Schizophyllum commune

Frankel, Carl; Ellingboe, Albert H.

doi:10.1007/bf00332896

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As Bs diploids were also isolated from crosses between common AB diploids with a compatible haploid (Frankel and Ellingboe, 1976). The diploids exhibited a flat morphology, had mostly uninucleate cells, and fruited spontaneously.…”

Section: Diploids In S Communementioning

confidence: 99%

From dikaryon to diploid

Banuett¹

2015

Fungal Biology Reviews

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Dikaryon Diploid Haploidization Heterokaryon a b s t r a c t The dikaryon is the persistent vegetative phase of most basidiomycetes and arises by cell fusion of two haploids carrying different mating type alleles. The diplophase is restricted to a single cell (the basidium) where meiosis takes place. Cell fusion and karyogamy are thus temporally and spatially separated. The dikaryon is characterized by the presence in each cell of two genetically distinct nuclei in a 1:1 ratio and by clamp connections, structures involved in partitioning of the nuclei during their synchronous division. In Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune, with two mating type loci (A and B), heterokaryons with identical A alleles exhibit nuclear migration but no clamps, and those with identical B alleles have unfused clamps (pseudoclamps) and no nuclear migration. Armillaria species are exceptional among basidiomycetes because of their persistent vegetative diploid phase with no clamp connections. Cell fusion is followed immediately by karyogamy. Haploidization of the diploid nucleus may occur in the fruiting body, resulting in a new dikaryophaseediplophase. Diploids in Ustilago maydis were the first to be synthesized in any basidiomycete. They played a critical role in pioneering studies on DNA recombinationand repair. Subsequently diploids were generated in C. cinerea, S. commune, Microbotryum violaceum, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Dikaryons (or heterokaryons) and diploids of the same genotype exhibit phenotypic differences. The reason is not known but evidence indicates that gene expression differs when the same genetic information resides in two nuclei versus one nucleus in the same cell. Diploids in basidiomycete fungi are very stable by themselves but become unstable in 2N þ N or 2N þ 2N dikaryons. Instability results in haploidization (gradual loss of chromosomes) of the diploid nucleus. The mechanism that triggers this instability is not known.

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Section: Diploids In S Communementioning

confidence: 99%

From dikaryon to diploid

Banuett¹

2015

Fungal Biology Reviews

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“…In Agaricus bisporus widespread differences in allelic expression were found but some of what would be called trans effects in a diploid may appear to act in cis within a dikaryon, perhaps leading to the excess of nucleus specific expression seen in Agaricus . As it is relatively easy to produce true diploids in S. commune (Frankel & Ellingboe, 1976), the comparison of allele specific expression between a heterozygous diploid and the isogenic dikaryon would be illuminating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%