Isolation and characterization of midway virus: A new tick‐borne virus related to nyamanini

Takahashi, Mitsuo; Yunker, Conrad E.; Clifford, Carleton M.; Nakano, Wataru; Fujino, Norio; Tanifuji, Katsuo; Thomas, Leo A.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890100304

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Prior reports indicated that NYMV and MIDWV are serologically related viruses (22). In order to confirm that the isolates of NYMV and MIDWV in this study were antigenically related, cross-box CF tests were performed using NYMV and MIDWV antigens and hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids ( Table 1).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…While the existence of these viruses was initially described in the literature over 25 and 40 years ago, respectively (14,(22)(23)(24), they have defied all classification efforts to date. We sequenced what we believe to be the complete genome of NYMV and the near-complete genome of MIDWV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the virus is cytopathic in BHK-21 cells and produces plaques in Vero cells. Efforts to classify MIDWV have revealed only that MIDWV is antigenically related to NYMV in cross-box complement fixation (CF) assays (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales

Mihindukulasuriya

Nguyen

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Here, we report the sequencing and classification of Nyamanini virus (NYMV) and Midway virus (MIDWV), two antigenically related viruses that were first isolated in 1957 and 1966, respectively. Although these viruses have been cultured multiple times from cattle egrets, seabirds, and their ticks, efforts to classify them taxonomically using conventional serological and electron microscopic approaches have failed completely. We used a random shotgun sequencing strategy to define the genomes of NYMV and MIDWV. Contigs of 11,631 and 11,752 nucleotides, representing the complete genome of NYMV and the near-complete genome of MIDWV, respectively, were assembled. Each virus genome was predicted to carry six open reading frames (ORFs). BLAST analysis indicated that only two of the ORF proteins of each virus, the putative nucleocapsid and polymerase, had detectable sequence similarity to known viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of these ORF proteins demonstrated that the closest relatives of NYNV and MIDWV are negative-stranded-RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. On the basis of their very limited sequence similarity to known viruses, we propose that NYMV and MIDWV define a novel genus, Nyavirus, in this order.Nyamanini virus (NYMV) was first isolated in 1957 from a cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) in South Africa (24). It has subsequently been isolated in Nigeria, Egypt, India, and Thailand from cattle egrets and Argas walkerae ticks (14,16,24). Although there has been no recognized human infection or disease associated with NYMV, suckling mice succumbed to NYMV infection 7 or 8 days after intracerebral inoculation (14). NYMV has not been definitively characterized or classified to date (10).Midway virus (MIDWV) was first isolated in 1966 from seabird ticks of two species [Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) spp.] collected on the Midway, Kure, and Manana islands in the Central Pacific and from northern Honshu, Japan. In addition, on Aomatsushima Island, nestling seabirds of two seabird species, Larus crassirostris and Nycticorax nycticorax, were found to have antibody to MIDWV. This virus is pathogenic for newborn Swiss mice but not 4-week-old Swiss mice injected intracranially. Also, the virus is cytopathic in BHK-21 cells and produces plaques in Vero cells. Efforts to classify MIDWV have revealed only that MIDWV is antigenically related to NYMV in cross-box complement fixation (CF) assays (22).To date, conventional approaches, such as serological analysis and electron microscopy (EM), have not yielded definitive characterization of MIDWV or NYMV. Heretofore, it was not known whether MIDWV and NYMV are DNA viruses or RNA viruses or to which virus family they belong. In this paper, we describe the application of unbiased high-throughput sequencing to define the genome sequences of NYMV and MIDWV. By analysis of their genomes, NYMV and MIDWV were determined to be negative-stranded RNA viruses highly divergent from all known viruses but most closely related to viruses in the order Mononegavirales. On the basis of the analys...

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Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales

Mihindukulasuriya

Nguyen

et al. 2009

J Virol

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“…NYMV productively infects a variety of mammalian cell lines, including cells of human origin. However, to date, there have been no reported cases of NYMV infection in humans (11,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Nyamanini Virus Replicates in the Nucleus and Exhibits Unusual Genome and Matrix Protein Properties

Herrel

Hoefs

Staeheli

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Tick-borne Nyamanini virus (NYMV) is the prototypic member of a recently discovered genus in the order Mononegavirales , designated Nyavirus . The NYMV genome codes for six distinct genes. Sequence similarity and structural properties suggest that genes 1, 5, and 6 encode the nucleoprotein (N), the glycoprotein (G), and the viral polymerase (L), respectively. The function of the other viral genes has been unknown to date. We found that the third NYMV gene codes for a protein which, when coexpressed with N and L, can reconstitute viral polymerase activity, suggesting that it represents a polymerase cofactor. The second viral gene codes for a small protein that inhibits viral polymerase activity and further strongly enhances the formation of virus-like particles when coexpressed with gene 4 and the viral glycoprotein G. This suggests that two distinct proteins serve a matrix protein function in NYMV as previously described for members of the family Filoviridae . We further found that NYMV replicates in the nucleus of infected cells like members of the family Bornaviridae . NYMV is a poor inducer of beta interferon, presumably because the viral genome is 5′ monophosphorylated and has a protruding 3′ terminus as observed for bornaviruses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NYMV possesses biological properties previously regarded as typical for filoviruses and bornaviruses, respectively.

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“…However, antigen reactivity and virion size indicate that it may represent a closely related but distinct group. Although NYMV and MIDWV have been isolated from bird species and their ticks, 3,[24][25][26][27] it is unclear whether SNVV can also infect birds. Based on its phylogenetic location it is likely that birds are also natural vertebrate hosts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Analysis of Sierra Nevada Virus, a Novel Mononegavirus in the Family Nyamiviridae

Rogers¹,

Cui²,

Fitch³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A novel mononegavirus was isolated in 1975 from ticks (Ornithodoros coriaceus) collected during investigation of an outbreak of epizootic bovine abortion (EBA) in northern California. It was originally designated "bovine abortion-tick virus" (BA-T virus). The EBA is now known to be associated with a deltaproteobacterium infection, and not a virus. The BA-T virus had remained uncharacterized until now. We have determined by electron microscopy, serology, and genome sequencing that the BA-T virus is a fourth member of the newly proposed family Nyamiviridae, and we have renamed it Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV). Although antigenically distinct, phylogenetically SNVV is basal to Nyamanini virus (NYMV) and Midway virus (MIDWV), two other tick-borne agents. Although NYMV was found to infect land birds, and MIDWV seabirds, it is presently unknown whether SNVV naturally infects birds or mammals.Members in the order Mononegavirales are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses encoding 5-10 open-reading frames (ORF).1 Ebola, rabies, and measles are just a few members of this order, and causative agents of serious human infectious diseases. In addition to the four well-established families-Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae-the order Mononegavirales also includes Nyamiviridae, a novel and recently proposed family.

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Isolation and characterization of midway virus: A new tick‐borne virus related to nyamanini

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales

Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales

Tick-Borne Nyamanini Virus Replicates in the Nucleus and Exhibits Unusual Genome and Matrix Protein Properties

Whole Genome Analysis of Sierra Nevada Virus, a Novel Mononegavirus in the Family Nyamiviridae

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