Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Totally Chlorine Free Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pulp

Al-Dulaimi, Ahmed A.; Wanrosli, W.D.

doi:10.1007/s10924-016-0798-z

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Numerous researchers had analyzed the effect of processing conditions on the physicochemical, thermal and mechanical properties. The temperature and time of hydrolysis procedure, nature and concentration of acid as well as the fiber-to acid ratio play an important role in the particle size, morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical properties of CNCs 20,[162][163][164][165] . Increment in the hydrolysis time has been reported to reduce the length of the nanocrystals as well as increase the acid/fiber ratio and reduce the crystals dimensions 102,166 .…”

Section: Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production

et al. 2017

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Cellulose nanocrystals, a class of fascinating bio-based nanoscale materials, have received a tremendous amount of interest both in industry and academia owing to its unique structural features and impressive physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, low density, adaptable surface chemistry, optical transparency, and improved mechanical properties. This nanomaterial is a promising candidate for applications in fields such as biomedical, pharmaceuticals, electronics, barrier films, nanocomposites, membranes, supercapacitors, etc. New resources, new extraction procedures, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of manufacturing new types of cellulose nanocrystals-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review addresses the recent progress in the production methodologies of cellulose nanocrystals, covering principal cellulose resources and the main processes used for its isolation. A critical and analytical examination of the shortcomings of various approaches employed so far is made. Additionally, structural organization of cellulose and nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials have also been discussed for beginners in this field.

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Section: Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production

et al. 2017

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“…The produced MCC had 87% of crystallinity, which had good thermal stability. CNC was also isolated from OPEFB-total chlorine free bleached pulp by the acid hydrolysis of 58% sulfuric acid concentration continued by ultrasonic treatment [71]. The optimal hydrolysis time was 80 min for CNC with dimensions of 150 nm in length and 6.5 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Cellulose Nanocrystal (Cnc) From Opefbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.

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“…6(a)). The CNC spectrum has a weak band at 1203 cm −1 (S = O), which confirms the introduction of a sulfate group into the cellulose structure during acid hydrolysis [55].…”

Section: Effect Of Acr Coating On the Thermal Structural Optical Amentioning

confidence: 71%

Hydrophobization of up-conversion luminescent films based on nanocellulose/MF2:Ho particles (M = Sr, Ca) by acrylic resin

Luginina¹,

Kuznetsov²,

Воронов³

et al. 2019

Nanosystems: Phys. Chem. Math.

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Luminescent hydrophobic composite films based on nanocrystalline (CNC) and nanofibrillated (CNF) cellulose matrix with up-conversion MF 2 :Ho (M = Ca, Sr) particles and acrylic resin (ACR) as a coating have been synthesized. Flexible, translucent composite films were obtained by molding from the CNC/CNF suspensions with up-conversion particles. ACR coating was applied to the composite film by spraying. Studies have shown that ACR coating with a layer thickness of 7-10 µm provides hydrophobic properties for the films, increasing the water contact angle up to 100 ± 2 • with a simultaneous improvement in the luminescent properties. Transparency of CNC/CNF/MF 2 :Ho-ACR films in the visible and near IR region improves by 20-25 % without compromising the flexibility and thermal stability. The manufactured water-resistant composite films can be utilized as potential photonics materials, in particular for visualization of near-IR laser radiation and luminescent labels.

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Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Totally Chlorine Free Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pulp

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production

Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

Hydrophobization of up-conversion luminescent films based on nanocellulose/MF2:Ho particles (M = Sr, Ca) by acrylic resin

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