Isolation and characterization of novelChlamydomonas mutants that display phototaxis but not photophobic response

Matsuda, Akiko; Yoshimura, Kenjiro; Sineshchekov, Oleg A.; Hirono, Masafumi; Kamiya, Ritsu

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0169(1998)41:4<353::aid-cm7>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 39 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…C . reinhardtii cells showed a prominent PRC signal after a flash illumination, which is similar to the previous studies using the same experimental setup ( Fig 4 ) [ 38 , 39 ]. However, no PRC signal was detected in either T .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The four-celled Volvocales green alga Tetrabaena socialis exhibits weak photobehavior and high-photoprotection ability

et al. 2021

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Photo-induced behavioral responses (photobehaviors) are crucial to the survival of motile phototrophic organisms in changing light conditions. Volvocine green algae are excellent model organisms for studying the regulatory mechanisms of photobehavior. We recently reported that unicellular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and multicellular Volvox rousseletii exhibit similar photobehaviors, such as phototactic and photoshock responses, via different ciliary regulations. To clarify how the regulatory systems have changed during the evolution of multicellularity, we investigated the photobehaviors of four-celled Tetrabaena socialis. Surprisingly, unlike C. reinhardtii and V. rousseletii, T. socialis did not exhibit immediate photobehaviors after light illumination. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that the T. socialis eyespot does not function as a photoreceptor. Instead, T. socialis exhibited slow accumulation toward the light source in a photosynthesis-dependent manner. Our assessment of photosynthetic activities showed that T. socialis chloroplasts possess higher photoprotection abilities against strong light than C. reinhardtii. These data suggest that C. reinhardtii and T. socialis employ different strategies to avoid high-light stress (moving away rapidly and gaining photoprotection, respectively) despite their close phylogenetic relationship.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The four-celled Volvocales green alga Tetrabaena socialis exhibits weak photobehavior and high-photoprotection ability

et al. 2021

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“…To reduce the Ca 2+ influx into the flagellum, we used a calcium channel mutant strain, ppr2 ( Fujiu et al, 2009 ; Matsuda et al, 1998 ). The ppr2 mutant has an insertion in the CAV2 gene, which encodes a voltage-gated calcium channel localized to flagella ( Fujiu et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains, wild-type 137 c (CC-125), the fla3-1 mutant expressing KAP-GFP (CC-4296)( Mueller et al, 2005 ), the fla10-1 mutant (CC-1919) ( Huang et al, 1977 ), and the pf2-4 mutant (CC-4404)( Rupp and Porter, 2003 ) were obtained from the Chlamydomonas Resource Center (University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN). The ppr2 mutant strain was provided by Kenjiro Yoshimura ( Fujiu et al, 2009 ; Matsuda et al, 1998 ). The ift54-2 mutant strain expressing mScarlet-IFT54 was provided by Karl Lechtreck ( Fort et al, 2021 ; Wingfield et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAV2 is a subunit of a voltage-gated calcium channel which resides in the flagellar membrane ( Fujiu et al, 2009 ). The ppr2 mutant has a mutation in the CAV2 gene and is defective in the photophobic response ( Fujiu et al, 2009 ; Matsuda et al, 1998 ). TRP channels are also found in Chlamydomonas flagella ( Fujiu et al, 2011 ; Huang et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the ion-current model for flagellar length sensing and IFT regulation

Ishikawa

Moore

Diener

et al. 2023

eLife

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Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles whose relatively simple shape makes them ideal for investigating the fundamental question of organelle size regulation. Most of the flagellar materials are transported from the cell body via an active transport process called intraflagellar transport (IFT). The rate of IFT entry into flagella, known as IFT injection, has been shown to negatively correlate with flagellar length. However, it remains unknown how the cell measures the length of its flagella and controls IFT injection. One of the most-discussed theoretical models for length sensing to control IFT is the ion-current model, which posits that there is a uniform distribution of Ca2+ channels along the flagellum and that the Ca2+ current from the flagellum into the cell body increases linearly with flagellar length. In this model, the cell uses the Ca2+ current to negatively regulate IFT injection. The recent discovery that IFT entry into flagella is regulated by the phosphorylation of kinesin through a calcium-dependent protein kinase has provided further impetus for the ion-current model. To test this model, we measured and manipulated the levels of Ca2+ inside of Chlamydomonas flagella and quantified IFT injection. Although the concentration of Ca2+ inside of flagella was weakly correlated with the length of flagella, we found that IFT injection was reduced in calcium-deficient flagella, rather than increased as the model predicted, and that variation in IFT injection was uncorrelated with the occurrence of flagellar Ca2+ spikes. Thus, Ca2+ does not appear to function as a negative regulator of IFT injection, hence it cannot form the basis of a stable length control system.

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“…Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains, wild-type 137c (CC-125), the fla3-1 mutant expressing KAP-GFP (CC-4296) (Mueller et al, 2005), the fla10-1 mutant (CC-1919) (Huang et al, 1977), and the pf2-4 mutant (CC-4404) (Rupp and Porter, 2003) were obtained from the Chlamydomonas Resource Center (University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN). The ppr2 mutant strain was provided by Kenjiro Yoshimura (Fujiu et al, 2009;Matsuda et al, 1998). The ift54-2 mutant strain expressing mScarlet-IFT54 was provided by Karl Lechtreck (Fort et al, 2021;Wingfield et al, 2017).…”

Section: Chlamydomonas Strains and Culture Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the ion-current model for flagellar length sensing and IFT regulation

Ishikawa

Moore

Diener

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles whose relatively simple shape makes them ideal for investigating the mechanisms of fundamental size regulation. Most of the flagellar materials are transported from the cell body via an active transport process called intraflagellar transport (IFT) because no protein synthesis occurs in the flagellum. The rate of IFT injection has been shown to negatively correlate with flagellar length. However, it remains unknown how the cell measures the length of its flagella and controls IFT injection. One of the most-discussed theoretical models for length sensing to control IFT is the ion-current model, which posits that there is a uniform distribution of Ca2+ channels along the flagellum and that the Ca2+ current from the flagellum into the cell body increases linearly with flagellar length. In this model, the cell uses the Ca2+ current to negatively regulate IFT injection. The recent discovery that IFT entry into flagella is regulated by a CDPK has provided further impetus for the ion current model. To test this model, we measured and manipulated the levels of Ca2+ inside of Chlamydomonas flagella and quantified IFT injection. Although the concentration of Ca2+ inside of flagella was weakly correlated with the length of flagella, we found that IFT injection was reduced in calcium-deficient flagella, rather than increased as the model predicted, and that variation in IFT injection was uncorrelated with the occurrence of flagellar Ca2+ spikes. Thus, Ca2+ does not work as a negative regulator of IFT injection, hence it cannot form the basis of a stable length control system

show abstract

Isolation and characterization of novelChlamydomonas mutants that display phototaxis but not photophobic response

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

The four-celled Volvocales green alga Tetrabaena socialis exhibits weak photobehavior and high-photoprotection ability

The four-celled Volvocales green alga Tetrabaena socialis exhibits weak photobehavior and high-photoprotection ability

Testing the ion-current model for flagellar length sensing and IFT regulation

Testing the ion-current model for flagellar length sensing and IFT regulation

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