Isolation and characterization of pseudorabies virus from a wolf (Canis lupus) from Belgium

Verpoest, Sara; Cay, Ann Brigitte; Bertrand, Olivier; Saulmont, Marc; Regge, Nick De

doi:10.1007/s10344-013-0774-z

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Gross lesions of the lynx were minimal. In agreement with our observations, AD in many cases does not develop significant macroscopic lesions in other carnivores such as dogs and cats [32,33] and wolves [25]. The skin of the ventral neck was denuded of hair and the radio-collar appeared torn ( Fig.…”

Section: Case Presentationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…PRV can infect the neurons and glial cells of apparently healthy swine over long periods. These latent infections can be reactivated, which means PRV can spread to other susceptible animals, mainly mammals, such as carnivores [14,25], although humans seem insusceptible [26]. Species other than suids can be considered dead-end hosts because the disease is generally fatal before the virus is excreted [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these mammals, including carnivores, PRV infections usually result in very severe neurological symptoms which often involve localised pruritus [26], resulting in death within hours after appearance of the first symptoms [27]. There are considerable implications for conservation, as cases have been reported in endangered carnivores such as the Florida panther [28], the wolf [25] and captive brown bears [29] after consumption of PRVcontaminated meat. No seropositive lynxes have ever been found, nor has PRV been detected in dead Iberian lynxes to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudorabies virus infection (Aujeszky’s disease) in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain: a case report

Masot

Gil

Risco³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe only natural hosts of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) are members of the family Suidae (Sus scrofa scrofa). In species other than suids infection is normally fatal. In these mammals, including carnivores, PRV typically causes serious neurologic disease. The endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is a wild feline endemic to south-western Europe (Iberian Peninsula). The Iberian lynx was found to be the world’s most endangered felid species in 2002. In wild felines, PRV infection has only been previously reported once in a Florida panther in 1994. No seropositive lynxes have ever been found, nor has PRV been detected in dead Iberian lynxes to date.Case presentationWe describe the first reported case of pseudorabies in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Pseudorabies was diagnosed in a young wild Iberian lynx from Extremadura (SW Spain) by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Gross lesions included alopecia of the ventral neck, bloody gastro-intestinal contents and congestion of the brain. Histopathological analysis showed a moderate nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with diffuse areas of demyelination, necrotizing gastritis and enteritis of the small intestine. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) antigen was found in neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain, tonsils, and gastric glandular epithelial cells by immunohistochemical analysis. The presence of the virus in the brain was confirmed by nested PCR. The sequence analysis of the 146 bp fragment (from the viral glycoprotein B gene) showed that the amplified sequence matched (with 100% identity) the PRV genome. Furthermore, specific DNA from glycoprotein D and E encoding-genes was detected by conventional and real-time PCR, respectively, confirming the latter that this infection was produced by a wild-type PRV strain.ConclusionsThis study supports the suspicion that PRV could infect the Iberian lynx. The detection of PRV in a dead Iberian lynx suggests that the virus may have a negative impact on the survival of endangered lynxes in the wild. However, because this is the first verified instance of lynx mortality resulting from pseudorabies, its true impact on the population is unknown.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0938-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Case Presentationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudorabies virus infection (Aujeszky’s disease) in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain: a case report

Masot

Gil

Risco³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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“…Natural cases of AD were also described in fox (4), wolf (30), brown bears (32), Florida panther (9), donkey, and badger (22). The disease in these species is inevitably fatal, as they represent "dead-end" hosts (16,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild boar offal as a probable source of Aujeszky’s disease virus for hunting dogs in Poland

Szczotka-Bochniarz

Lipowski

Kycko

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction: Aujeszky's disease (AD), most often related to infection of domestic and feral swine, may also concern other mammals, including dogs. The disease in carnivores, related to consumption of raw meat or offal contaminated with AD virus, is manifested by severe neurological disorders and inevitably leads to animal's death. Material and Methods: Karelian bear dog was euthanised due to nervous symptoms that started two days after participation in wild boar hunting. After exclusion of rabies the dog's carcass was subjected to standard necropsy. Tissue samples were collected for histological examination. Samples of the brain were tested for ADV by real-time PCR and virus isolation. Samples of the liver were collected for toxicological examination. Results: The presence of ADV was confirmed by real-time PCR and virus isolation. Toxicological examination revealed anticoagulant poisoning. This is the first case of Aujeszky's disease (AD) in a hunting dog in Poland after exposure to ADV from offal of wild boar. Conclusion: This infection should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of syndromes of neurological disorders in dogs. Since AD is found in both domestic pigs and wild boar in Poland, special care must be taken to prevent spread of infection to other species.

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“…The collected DNA was then tested for the presence of PRV by a qPCR detecting a fragment of the gB (gB-Forw: 59-ACCACCGGCGCTACTTTAAG-39; gB-Rev: 59-CCTCCAGCAGCGTCAGGTT-39; gB-probe: FAM-59-ACGATC-AGCACGCGGGTGACC-39-TAMRA) gene. Amplification was done using a FastStart TaqMan Probe Master kit (Roche) and reactions were run on a LightCycler 480 (Roche) under the following conditions: initial denaturation at 95 uC for 10 min, followed by 45 cycles of 15 s at 95 uC and 45 s at 60 uC, and a final step of 30 s at 40 uC (Verpoest et al, 2014a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and strain-dependent differences in the outcome of experimental infections of domestic pigs with wild boar pseudorabies virus isolates

Verpoest

Cay

Campe

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Although pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been eradicated in domestic swine in many countries, its presence in wild boars remains a threat for a reintroduction into the currently unprotected swine population. To assess the possible impact of such a reintroduction in a naive herd, an in vivo infection study using two genetically characterized wild boar PRV isolates (BEL24043 and BEL20075) representative for wild boar strains circulating in south-western and central Europe and the virulent NIA3 reference strain was performed in 2-and 15-week-old domestic pigs. Our study revealed an attenuated nature of both wild boar strains in 15-week-old pigs. In contrast, it showed the capacity of strain BEL24043 to induce severe clinical symptoms and mortality in young piglets, thereby confirming that the known age dependency of disease outcome after PRV infection also holds for wild boar isolates. Despite the absence of clinical disease in 15-week-old sows, both wild boar PRV strains were able to induce seroconversion, but to a different extent. Importantly, differences in infection and transmission capacity of both strains were observed in 15-week-old sows. Strain BEL24043 induced a more prolonged and disseminated infection than strain BEL20075 and was able to spread efficiently to contact animals, indicative of its capacity to induce a sustained infection. In conclusion, it was shown that a reintroduction of a wild boar isolate into the domestic swine population could have serious economic consequences due to the induction of clinical symptoms in piglets and by jeopardizing the PRV-negative status.

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Isolation and characterization of pseudorabies virus from a wolf (Canis lupus) from Belgium

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Pseudorabies virus infection (Aujeszky’s disease) in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain: a case report

Pseudorabies virus infection (Aujeszky’s disease) in an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain: a case report

Wild boar offal as a probable source of Aujeszky’s disease virus for hunting dogs in Poland

Age- and strain-dependent differences in the outcome of experimental infections of domestic pigs with wild boar pseudorabies virus isolates

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