Isolation and characterization of “Reprotoxin”, a novel protein complex from Daboia russelii snake venom

Kumar, Jayant; Basavarajappa, Balapal S.; Arancio, Ottavio; Aranha, Ivan; Gangadhara, N.S.; Yajurvedi, H.N.; Gowda, T. Veerabasappa

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2008.05.018

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…An equine veterinary case suggests a molecular link between the pituitary pars intermedia and sexual dysfunction [24]. Description of a protein complex within the venom of Russell's viper with reproductive toxicity has been described, and increased NO was noted in the testis of dosed mice, although priapism was absent [25]. NO has long been known to cause relaxation of the corpus cavernosa and is proposed as the mechanism of priapism following envenomation from Tityus serrulatus [26].…”

Section: Case Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priapism following a juvenile Russell’s viper bite: An unusual case report

Williams¹,

Patel

Trim³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Following a bite from a juvenile Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), a priapism (painful erection) developed rapidly in a 16-year-old male and only subsided after administration of antivenom 3 hours later. Potential mechanisms for this snakebite-induced priapism are unclear but likely due to venom toxins causing nitric oxide (NO) release and subsequent vasodilation of endothelium in the corpus cavernosum, although the possible involvement of other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. We strongly believe that this unusual case report may lead to further scientific research in order to improve the clinical understanding of the pathophysiology of envenomation due to Russell’s viper bites. Although it is too early to speculate, further research may also discover the possibilities of developing venom-based candidate molecules to treat sexual dysfunction in males and females.

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Section: Case Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priapism following a juvenile Russell’s viper bite: An unusual case report

Williams¹,

Patel

Trim³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…In addition, the victim may develop an alteration in blood pressure either because of oxidative stress or psychological status. Only few studies have reported the systemic effects with reference to nephrotoxic and reprotoxic activities for Crotalus durissus terrificus and V. russelli venoms, respectively …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vipera russelli venom‐induced oxidative stress and hematological alterations: Amelioration by crocin a dietary colorant

Santhosh

Hemshekhar

Thushara

et al. 2012

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Snakebite is a serious medical and socio-economic problem affecting the healthy individuals and agricultural and farming populations worldwide. In India, Vipera russelli snakebite is common, ensuing high morbidity and mortality. The venom components persuade multifactorial stress phenomenon and alter the physiological setting by causing disruption of the blood cells and vital organs. The present study demonstrates the anti-ophidian property of Crocin (Crocus sativus), a potent antioxidant against viper venom-induced oxidative stress. The in vivo oxidative damage induced by venom was clearly evidenced by the increased oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes/molecules along with the proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, venom depleted the hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and platelet count in experimental animals. Crocin ameliorated the venom-induced oxidative stress, hematological alteration and proinflammatory cytokine levels. At present, administration of antivenom is an effective therapy against systemic toxicity, but it offers no protection against the rapidly spreading oxidative damage and infiltration of pro-inflammatory mediators. These pathologies will continue even after antivenom administration. Hence, a long-term auxiliary therapy is required to treat secondary as well as neglected complications of snakebite.

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“…As also suggested by the different potencies of the snake venoms screened in this study, we observed that two different sPLA 2 s from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus, OS1 and OS2, presented marked differences in their ability to inhibit sperm motility, OS2 being about 10fold more potent than OS1. Recently, a toxin complex called "reprotoxin" and containing an sPLA 2 subunit was found to induce atrophy of testis when injected at a sub-lethal dose [43]. This hypothesis is also supported by the fact that human astenozoospermia (sperm with low motility) is associated with a defective sperm plasma membrane composition with an excess of cholesterol and desmosterol [44,45], a low concentration of specific fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid found in different phospholipids [46] and an overall increase of fatty acid content [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake venoms as a source of compounds modulating sperm physiology: Secreted phospholipases A2 from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus impact sperm motility, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization in mice

Escoffier

Couvet

Pomyers³

et al. 2010

Biochimie

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The goal of this study was to identify new compounds from venoms able to modulate sperm physiology and more particularly sperm motility. For this purpose, we screened the effects of 16 snake venoms cleared of molecules higher than 15 kDa on sperm motility. Venoms rich in neurotoxins like those from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus or Daboia russelii, were highly potent inhibitors of sperm motility. In contrast, venoms rich in myotoxins like those from Echis carinatus, Bothrops alternatus and Macrovipera lebetina, were inactive. From the main pharmacologically-active fraction of the Taipan snake O. scutellatus s., a proteomic approach allowed us to identify 16 different proteins, among which OS1 and OS2, two secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA(2)). Purified OS1 and OS2 mimicked the inhibitory effect on sperm motility and were likely responsible for the inhibitory effect of the active fraction. OS1 and OS2 triggered sperm acrosome reaction and induced lipid rearrangements of the plasma membrane. The catalytic activity of OS2 was required to modulate sperm physiology since catalytically inactive mutants had no effect. Finally, sperm treated with OS2 were less competent than control sperm to initiate in vitro normal embryo development. This is the first report characterizing sPLA(2) toxins that modulate in vitro sperm physiology.

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Isolation and characterization of “Reprotoxin”, a novel protein complex from Daboia russelii snake venom

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Priapism following a juvenile Russell’s viper bite: An unusual case report

Priapism following a juvenile Russell’s viper bite: An unusual case report

Vipera russelli venom‐induced oxidative stress and hematological alterations: Amelioration by crocin a dietary colorant

Snake venoms as a source of compounds modulating sperm physiology: Secreted phospholipases A2 from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus impact sperm motility, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization in mice

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