Isolation and characterization of the cerato-ulmin toxin gene of the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma ulmi

Bowden, Christine G.; Hintz, William E.; Jeng, R. S.; Hubbes, M.; Horgen, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/bf00351485

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The high similarity in primary structure and conservation of intron positions suggest that the hJb2 gene has a common ancestor with the previously characterized 7: reesei hydrophobin hjbl (Nakari-Setala et al, 1996) and with the two other class I1 hydrophobins characterized, the cryparin of Cryponectria parnsitica (Zhang et al, 1994) and cerato-ulmin of Ophiostoma ulmi (Bowden et al, 1994; Fig. 1). hjb2 was isolated using the hfll gene as a probe, which indicates that heterologous hybridization might be a generally useful technique for isolation of hydrophobin genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Differential Expression of the Vegetative and Spore‐Bound Hydrophobins of Trichoderma Reesei Cloning and Characterization of the Hfb2 Gene

Nakari-Setälä

Aro

Ilmén

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

100

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The hjb2 gene encoding the hydrophobin HFBII of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei was isolated by heterologous hybridization using the vegetative hydrophobin I, hjbl, gene of 7: reesei as a probe. The hjb2 gene codes for a typical fungal secreted hydrophobin of 71 amino acids containing eight cysteine residues. The amino acid similarity towards HFBI is 69%. The HFBII protein was isolated from the fungal spores by extraction with trifluoroacetic acidhcetonitrile solution, and by bubbling from the lactose-based culture medium. Expression of the hfhl and hjb2 genes is divergent. hfhl expression was only observed in vegetative cultures on glucose-containing and sorbitol-containing media. It was not expressed on media containing complex plant polysaccharides, cellulose, xylan, cellobiose or lactose, whereas hjb2 was highly expressed in vegetative cultures on these media. Expression of hjb2 was also strongly induced by N and C starvation, by light and in conidiating cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Differential Expression of the Vegetative and Spore‐Bound Hydrophobins of Trichoderma Reesei Cloning and Characterization of the Hfb2 Gene

Nakari-Setälä

Aro

Ilmén

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

100

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“…Insertional mutagenesis, analysis of genetic crosses and inspection of Ophiostoma spp. genomes revealed evidence about the function of some genes such as Cu (encoding the toxin cerato-ulmin, Bowden et al 1994Bowden et al , 1996, Pat1 (encoding a pathogenicity factor, Et-Touil et al 1999), Epg1 (encoding the enzyme endopolygalacturonase, Temple et al 2009) and the presence of DNA transposons (Bouvet et al 2007). More recently, extensive transcriptomic studies using an advanced molecular tool (RNAseq) have identified differential gene expression in the distinct phases of O. novo-ulmi from yeast to hyphae and mycelium Nigg and Bernier 2016).…”

Section: Molecular Advances To Understand the Genetic Clues Behind Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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“…It has been found that CU is a hydrophobin (Stringer & Timberlake, 1993 ;Bowden et al, 1994 ;Templeton et al, 1994) that may be involved in recognition phenomena or in functions other than the toxic activity specific towards elm. The detection of CU on the cell wall surface of O. piceae, a saprotroph on elm, confirms this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative determination of cerato-ulmin on cell surface and in mycelial extracts of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Ophiostoma species

Scala

Bertelli

Coppola

et al. 1997

Mycological Research

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Cerato-ulmin (CU) presence was monitored on cell surface and quantitatively determined in mycelial extracts of the elm pathogens Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (races EAN and NAN) and O. ulmi and of the non-pathogenic O. piceae. CU was detected on the surfaces of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (races EAN and NAN) and, for the first time, of the weak Dutch elm disease pathogen O. ulmi and the nonpathogen O. piceae. Quantitative determination of CU content in the mycelial extracts of the three species showed that high CU cellular content is associated with high CU content in culture filtrates. The content of CU in biomasses and in culture filtrates was influenced by temperature, growth phase and fungal species or race. CU synthesis occurred during the stationary phase and in the late logarithmic phase when fungi were grown at 23m and 32 mC, respectively. High temperatures of growth (32m) did not have a negative effect on the cellular CU content but severely hampered CU secretion in high CU-producers O. novo-ulmi isolates.

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Isolation and characterization of the cerato-ulmin toxin gene of the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma ulmi

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Differential Expression of the Vegetative and Spore‐Bound Hydrophobins of Trichoderma Reesei Cloning and Characterization of the Hfb2 Gene

Differential Expression of the Vegetative and Spore‐Bound Hydrophobins of Trichoderma Reesei Cloning and Characterization of the Hfb2 Gene

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Comparative determination of cerato-ulmin on cell surface and in mycelial extracts of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Ophiostoma species

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