Isolation and characterization of two human H1 histone genes within clusters of core histone genes

Albig, Werner; Kardalinou, E; Drabent, Birgit; Zimmer, Andreas; Doenecke, Detlef

doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90183-f

Cited by 75 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Further, the ratio of the total amount of linker histones to that of H2b was the same in liver chromatin from the two types of animals ( (36). In contrast to other mammalian HI genes which encode nonpolyadenylylated mRNAs (37)(38)(39), the H10 gene produces polyadenylylated mRNAs (29,40,41). This aspect and differences in transcriptional promoter elements (27,42,43) probably account for the lack of cell cycle regulation of HI0 gene expression compared with the highly regulated expression of other Hi genes during S phase.…”

Section: Generation Of Esmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mice develop normally without the H1(0) linker histone.

Sirotkin

Edelmann

Cheng

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

136

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Section: Generation Of Esmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mice develop normally without the H1(0) linker histone.

Sirotkin

Edelmann

Cheng

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

136

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“…N-terminal sequencing of peak 2 gave us a very low yield, suggesting that it was N-terminally blocked. Thus, after an N-terminal deblocking step (32), peak 2 was sequenced up to 19 residues (SGRGKQG GKARAKAKTRSS), and the sequence was identical to the Nterminal sequence of human histone H2A (33). In addition, peak 1 and peak 2 comigrated with calf thymus histone H2B and H2A, respectively, on a tricine SDS-PAGE (data not shown).…”

Section: Purification Of Salt-resistant Antimicrobial Proteins From Hmentioning

confidence: 93%

Endotoxin-Neutralizing Antimicrobial Proteins of the Human Placenta

Kim

Cho

Park

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

119

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Microbial colonization and infection of placental tissues often lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The fetal membranes of the placenta, a physical and active barrier to microbial invasion, encapsulate the fetus and secure its intrauterine environment. To examine the innate defense system of the human placenta, antimicrobial peptides were isolated from the fetal membranes of human placenta and characterized biochemically. Two salt-resistant antimicrobial host proteins were purified to homogeneity using heparin-affinity and reversed-phase HPLC. Characterization of these proteins revealed that they are identical to histones H2A and H2B. Histones H2A and H2B showed dose-dependent inhibition of the endotoxin activity of LPS and inhibited this activity by binding to and therefore blocking both the core and lipid A moieties of LPS. Consistent with a role for histones in the establishment of placental innate defense, histones H2A and H2B were highly expressed in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts and amnion cells, where the histone proteins were localized mainly to the epithelial surface. Furthermore, culturing of amnion-derived WISH cells led to the constitutive release of histone H2B, and histones H2A and H2B contribute to bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid. Our studies suggest that histones H2A and H2B may endow the epithelium of the placenta with an antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing barrier against microorganisms that invade this immune-privileged site.

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“…Previously, we have published the sequence of the human H1.3 gene [11], including 360 bp upstream of the translation start site. For further analysis of the H1.3 promoter, the 5′-flanking region was sequenced up to an AflIII site, located 926 bp upstream of the ATG initiation site (Fig.…”

Section: Sequence Of the Promoter Region Of The Human H13 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The H1.3 promoter (as for the other main type-H1 gene promoters except H1.1) features both general and H1-specific consensus regulatory elements. At nucleotide position Ϫ27 (relative to the start site of transcription), a TATA box is located, which is separated by 17 bp from a CCAAT box at position [52]; H1.1 [14]; H1.2 [35]; H1.3 [11]; H1.4 [11]; H1.5 [12]; and H1t [15] Ϫ49. The exact distance of 17 bp between these two consensus elements is a general feature of the main-type human H1 promoters.…”

Section: Sequence Of the Promoter Region Of The Human H13 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

Meergans¹,

Albig²,

Doenecke³

1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

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In man, the H1 class of histones consists of seven different isoforms, termed H1.1ϪH1.5, H1t and H1°. Analysis of the promoters of the respective genes reveals that all seven H1 gene promoters share conserved sequence elements: a TATA box at around position Ϫ25 (relative to the transcription start site), a CCAAT motif at about position Ϫ50 (except in the H1 promoter), an H1-box (AAACACA) around position Ϫ110 (except in the H1.1 promoter), and the highly conserved motif TGTGT/CTA (TG-box or CH1UE) at around nucleotide position Ϫ450 (except in the H1.1 promoter). Analysis of the H1.3 gene promoter was carried out with reporter gene assays (using the luciferase gene as a reporter gene) including stepwise deletion and site-directed mutagenesis. In addition, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays were carried out for the analysis of protein/DNA interactions at conserved promoter motifs. Mutation analysis indicates that the CH1UE motif is involved in mediating the S-phase-dependent expression of the H1.3 gene. Comparison of H1 promoters shows that the CCAAT-box is extended in each case by CA. Mutational analysis indicates that only the CCAATCA heptanucleotide, but not just the CCAAT sequence mediates the effect of this element in H1 gene promoters.Keywords : histone H1; histone gene promoter; (histone) gene expression ; gene regulation; luciferase activity.Histones are a major component in the eukaryotic nucleus and play an important role in forming the fundamental nucleosomal subunit structure of chromatin. They are subdivided into the group of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), which form the histone octamer of the nucleosomal core and the group of H1-linker histones. These H1 histones seal two rounds of DNA at the surface of the core-histone octamer [1], influence the positioning of nucleosomes [2,3] and are essential for the formation of higher order chromatin structures [4]. In addition, H1 histones exert general inhibitory effects on transcription [5,6], but can also play a specific role in gene regulation [7Ϫ9].In mammals, the group of H1 histones consists of at least seven different subtypes. The H1 histones represent the most variable class of the otherwise highly conserved histone proteins. Based on both the timing of synthesis relative to the cell cycle and their tissue-specific occurrence, the H1 histones can be classified into three different groups of subtypes : (a) the main type-H1 histones, which are expressed in close relation to the S phase of the cell cycle ; (b) the replacement subtype H1, which is usually expressed in highly differentiated cells and (c) the subtype H1t which is expressed exclusively in the testis [10].

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Isolation and characterization of two human H1 histone genes within clusters of core histone genes

Cited by 75 publications

References 38 publications

Mice develop normally without the H1(0) linker histone.

Mice develop normally without the H1(0) linker histone.

Endotoxin-Neutralizing Antimicrobial Proteins of the Human Placenta

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

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