Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan

Abstract

Five species, Mammalian orthoreovirus, Avian orthoreovirus (ARV), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV), Baboon orthoreovirus and Reptilian orthoreovirus, have been identified in the genus Orthoreovirus. Their genomes each consist of 10 dsRNA segments. A novel orthoreovirus was isolated from the haemorrhagic intestine of a dead brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan. The virus formed syncytia in Caco-2 and Vero cells. Electron microscopy revealed nonenveloped capsids of~70 nm diameter, which were characteristic of reoviruses. Complete genomic sequences were determined. The S1 segment was tricistronic and encoded three proteins, p10, p17 and sC, as in the two species ARV and NBV. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus was similar to ARV and NBV, but was located on a phylogenetic branch different from that of ARV and NBV. The virus had the closest phylogenetic relationship to two reovirus strains: SSRV from a Steller sea lion in Canada and PsRV Ge01 from a psittaciform bird in Europe. The 10 RNA segments had a 39 pentanucleotide sequence (UCAUC-39) conserved amongst all members of the genus Orthoreovirus, and a unique 59 terminal heptasequence (59-GCUUUUC) that was the same as those of SSRV and PsRV Ge01. These results suggested that the novel virus might form a new species with the two strains in the genus Orthoreovirus.

Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa

“…Broome virus , a fusogenic virus isolated from a flying fox, has been proposed as the sixth orthoreovirus species based on its sequence divergence from other viruses in the genus [ 26 ]. Another proposed new species, W ild bird orthoreovirus , consists of three viruses that form a distinct clade from other avian orthoreoviruses [ 27 ]. A reovirus has been isolated from an aborted Stellar sea lion that groups in a clade with avian reoviruses and Nelson bay orthoreovirus [ 28 ].…”

Detection of avian reoviruses in wild birds in Poland

“…ARV strain detected in a free-living magpie was genetically related to chicken origin reoviruses, reinforcing the hypothesis on the possible reservoir role of wild birds in reovirus transmission ( 10 ). Ogasawara et al ( 18 ) isolated a novel orthoreovirus strain from a dead brown-eared bulbul (order Passeriformes ) in Japan. Scientists from Hungary detected a reovirus strain isolated from partridge and conducted its genomic characterisation.…”

“…Lawson et al ( 10 ) presented a case of ARV infection in a wild magpie ( Pica pica ) from England. Recently, a novel orthoreovirus strains have been isolated from partridge ( Perdix perdix ) and brown-eared bulbul ( Hypsipetes amaurotis ) ( 9 , 18 ). In many cases, association of ARV infection with disease/condition in wild birds has not been established, because no experimental studies have been performed.…”

Isolation and identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus)

“…The Reoviridae family consists of the subfamilies Sedoreovirinae and Spinareovirinae. The genus Orthoreovirus in Spinareovirinae comprises five species: avian orthoreovirus, baboon orthoreovirus, mammalian reovirus (MRV), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, and reptilian orthoreovirus [1][2][3]. MRVs possess 10 dsRNA segments: three large (L1-L3), three medium (M1-M3), and four small (S1-S4) segments [1].…”