Isolation and identification of a compound from soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines, with sex pheromone activity

Jaffe, Howard; Huettel, R. N.; DeMilo, Albert B.; Hayes, D. K.; Rebois, R. V.

doi:10.1007/bf01207435

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The worms were harvested and separated from the medium and E. coli by centrifugation or gravity followed by rinsing three times over a nylon filter. They were then allowed to digest bacteria in their gut for 30 min in M9 buffer, rinsed three times in water, and incubated in water for 1 hr at density of ~30,000 worms/ ml, as previously described (Jaffe et al, 1989; Stiernagle, 1999; Johnstone, 1999; Srinivasan et al, 2008). We were recently able to isolate and identify the C. elegans mating pheromone using a similar preparation with the same relatively high worm density (Srinivasan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates

et al. 2009

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Caenorhabditis elegans, a bacterivorous nematode, lives in complex rotting fruit, soil, and compost environments, and chemical interactions are required for mating, monitoring population density, recognition of food, avoidance of pathogenic microbes, and other essential ecological functions. Despite being one of the best-studied model organisms in biology, relatively little is known about the signals that C. elegans uses to chemically interact with its environment or as defense. C. elegans exudates were analyzed using several analytical methods and found to contain 36 common metabolites including organic acids, amino acids and sugars, all in relatively high abundance. Furthermore, the concentrations of amino acids in the exudates were dependent on developmental stage. The C. elegans exudates were tested for bacterial chemotaxis using Pseudomonas putida (KT2440), a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), a soil bacterium pathogenic to C. elegans, and E. coli (OP50), a non-motile bacterium tested as a control. The C. elegans exudates attracted the two Psuedomonas species, but had no detectable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. To our surprise, the exudates of young adult and adult life stages of C. elegans exudates inhibited quorum sensing in the reporter system based on the LuxR bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system, which regulates bacterial virulence and other factors in Vibrio fischeri. We were able to fractionate the QS inhibition and bacterial chemotaxis activities, demonstrating that these activities are chemically distinct. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans can attract its bacterial food and has the potential of partially regulating the virulence of bacterial pathogens by inhibiting specific QS systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates

et al. 2009

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“…This suggests that water-soluble chemicals are used mainly for short-range chemotaxis to plant roots, and that volatile chemicals can be used for longer range chemotaxis to distant plant roots. Nematode responses to many known compounds and also to unknown compounds from insect hosts [9], plants [5,[10][11][12], bacteria [4], fungi [13] and other nematodes [14,15] have been investigated. At least 50 different kinds of behavioural assays have been employed in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes

Reynolds

Rao

Curtis

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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It has long been recognized that chemotaxis is the primary means by which nematodes locate host plants. Nonetheless, chemotaxis has received scant attention. We show that chemotaxis is predicted to take nematodes to a source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes through the labyrinth of air-filled or water-filled channels within a soil through which the attractant diffuses. There are just two provisos: (i) all of the channels through which the attractant diffuses are accessible to the nematodes and (ii) nematodes can resolve all chemical gradients no matter how small. Previously, this remarkable consequence of chemotaxis had gone unnoticed. The predictions are supported by experimental studies of the movement patterns of the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne graminicola in modified Y-chamber olfactometers filled with Pluronic gel. By providing two routes to a source of the attractant, one long and one short, our experiments, the first to demonstrate the routes taken by nematodes to plant roots, serve to test our predictions. Our data show that nematodes take the most direct route to their preferred hosts (as predicted) but often take the longest route towards poor hosts. We hypothesize that a complex of repellent and attractant chemicals influences the interaction between nematodes and their hosts.

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“…Pheromones have been shown to exist in dozens of nematode species (8)(9)(10) and have been positively identified in several, including C. elegans (11)(12)(13)(14). Although HPLC-MS studies have led to the identification of more than 140 pheromones and pheromone-related metabolites in C. elegans (15), little is known about how production of such pheromones is regulated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Communication between oocytes and somatic cells regulates volatile pheromone production in Caenorhabditis elegans

Leighton

Choe

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Males of the androdioecious species Caenorhabditis elegans are more likely to attempt to mate with and successfully inseminate C. elegans hermaphrodites that do not concurrently harbor sperm. Although a small number of genes have been implicated in this effect, the mechanism by which it arises remains unknown. In the context of the battle of the sexes, it is also unknown whether this effect is to the benefit of the male, the hermaphrodite, or both. We report that successful contact between mature sperm and oocyte in the C. elegans gonad at the start of fertilization causes the oocyte to release a signal that is transmitted to somatic cells in its mother, with the ultimate effect of reducing her attractiveness to males. Changes in hermaphrodite attractiveness are tied to the production of a volatile pheromone, the first such pheromone described in C. elegans.fertilization | sex pheromones | egg-soma communication I ts properties of self-fertilization and rapid generation, along with its extensive library of mutants, make Caenorhabditis elegans an excellent system in which to study reproductive events. The generation time of C. elegans is under 3 d, and a single hermaphroditic worm can use its sperm to fertilize its own eggs, without the need for mating (1). C. elegans and related nematodes have a robust sperm sensation pathway that limits unfruitful oocyte maturation and ovulation (2). Both self-sperm and nonself-sperm secrete protein ligands, known as major sperm proteins (MSPs), that activate signal transduction pathways in both unfertilized oocytes, leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK-1), and the somatic gonad, involving transcription factor CEH-18. The result of this signaling is the release of oocytes from prophase I arrest and the ovulation of unarrested oocytes into the uterus (3, 4).Several behaviors of female and hermaphroditic nematodes have been demonstrated to correlate with either the presence of sperm or the recentness of mating. C. elegans hermaphrodites that have exhausted their supply of self-sperm are more likely to elicit a mating response from males of their species, and less likely to resist an attempted mating. Mutant C. elegans hermaphrodites that develop without self-sperm also elicit more mating attempts, and this increase in attractiveness vanishes after a successful mating (5, 6). In the gonochoristic species Caenorhabditis brenneri and Caenorhabditis remanei, males are attracted to a volatile pheromone produced only by females that have not recently mated (7). The mechanisms that link these behaviors to sperm status remain unknown.Pheromones have been shown to exist in dozens of nematode species (8-10) and have been positively identified in several, including C. elegans (11-14). Although HPLC-MS studies have led to the identification of more than 140 pheromones and pheromone-related metabolites in C. elegans (15), little is known about how production of such pheromones is regulated. Life stage and environmental conditions have been shown to affect pheromone o...

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Isolation and identification of a compound from soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines, with sex pheromone activity

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates

Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates

Chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes

Communication between oocytes and somatic cells regulates volatile pheromone production in Caenorhabditis elegans

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