Isolation and Identification of a New Bifidogenic Growth Stimulator Produced byPropionibacterium freudenreichiiET-3

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

“…It has been reported that Propionibacterium freudenreichii produces large amounts of tetrahydromenaquinone-9 (MK-9 (4H)) and the precursor 1,4-dyhidroxy-2-naphtoicacid (DHNA) which is a known bifidogenic factor [110][111][112]. In order to improve the production of these metabolites, different laboratory culture protocols that could be applied to an industrial scale have been assayed finding out that DHNA production is markedly influenced by carbon source limitation and the oxygen supply.…”

“…This property has been demonstrated both in vitro [110,111,178,179], and in vivo [127,[180][181][182] and the bifidogenic growth stimulators (BGS) involved in this effect were identified. The active compounds that were present in supernatants of P. freudenreichii, P. jensenii and P.…”

“…acidipropionici were purified and identified as 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphtoquinone (ACNQ) [110,178] and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA) a precursor of menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis [111]. It has been proposed that these compounds serve as electron transfer mediators for NADP regeneration in bifidobacteria [183], thus favoring growth.…”

The Growth-Stimulating Effects of Fermented Rice Extract (FRe) on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.

“…Several bifidogenic growth stimulators have been identified, including Sake-kazu (Furuta et al, 2007), ACNQ, DHNA (Isawa et al, 2002), and panose (Park et al, 1992;Mäkeläinen et al, 2009). Specifically, panose exerted bifidogenic effects, and significantly increased the growth of Bifidobacterium sp.…”

“…Various oligosaccharides, and bifidobacteria themselves, can be used to promote the growth of bifidobacteria (Hopkins et al, 1998;Gibson and Wang 1994). In addition, several bifidogenic growth stimulators have been reported, including 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (ACNQ), 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) (Isawa et al, 2002)…”