Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculosis mycobacteria from drinking-water in Basra governorate, Iraq

Al-Sulami, Amin; Al-Taee, Asaad; Wida’a, Q.H.

doi:10.26719/2012.18.3.274

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Environmental Diversity Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Iraq, M. chelonae was one of the most common NTM environmental species (18%), isolated from tap water, followed by M. avium complex and M. fortuitum (Figure 3) [55–57]. The latter two species were also isolated from milk powder and horses feces, respectively [55–57]. Environmental isolates reported from Turkey, however (including M. lentiflavum , M. gordonae , and M. peregrinum ), were mainly isolated from hospital water supply [58].…”

Section: Environmental Diversity Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species' names and their relevant environmental percentages are also illustrated. References [44, 52, 55–58]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review

Al-Ghafli

Al‐Hajoj

2017

Canadian Respiratory Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are causing growing health problems worldwide. This is indicated by an increasing amount of scientific reports showing not only well-identified species reemerging but also emergence of new species. The emergence and reemergence of NTM are particularly worrying in developing countries due to scarce published data and improper identification. Here we aimed to examine the main epidemiological aspects and diagnostic challenges associated with NTM in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and compare these findings to the international arena findings. Data revealed that countries of the GCC are largely dominated by rapidly growing mycobacteria species such as M. fortuitum (29%) and M. abscessus (17%) with high rate of definitive respiratory diseases. On the other hand, most of the developed countries are dominated by slowly growing mycobacteria such as MAC, M. kansasii, and M. gordonae. More efforts are needed, however, to gain insights into NTM issues in countries of the GCC.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Diversity Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Diversity Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review

Al-Ghafli

Al‐Hajoj

2017

Canadian Respiratory Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As for other NTM, M. abscessus is present in environmental reservoirs (e.g. water and soil) and has been recently isolated from drinking water [ 9 – 11 ]. The acquisition of this bacterium is therefore most likely to occur from the environment, rather than via person-to-person transmission [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased survival and proliferation of the epidemic strain Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 in alveolar epithelial cells

Ribeiro¹,

Matsumoto²,

Real³

et al. 2017

BMC Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria have been reported worldwide generally associated with medical procedures. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 was obtained during an epidemic of postsurgical infections and was characterized by increased persistence in vivo. To better understand the successful survival strategies of this microorganism, we evaluated its infectivity and proliferation in macrophages (RAW and BMDM) and alveolar epithelial cells (A549). For that, we assessed the following parameters, for both M. abscessus CRM0019 as well as the reference strain M. abscessus ATCC 19977: internalization, intracellular survival for up 3 days, competence to subvert lysosome fusion and the intracellular survival after cell reinfection. Results: CRM0019 and ATCC 19977 strains showed the same internalization rate (approximately 30% after 6 h infection), in both A549 and RAW cells. However, colony forming units data showed that CRM0019 survived better in A549 cells than the ATCC 19977 strain. Phagosomal characteristics of CRM0019 showed the bacteria inside tight phagosomes in A549 cells, contrasting to the loosely phagosomal membrane in macrophages. This observation holds for the ATCC 19977 strain in both cell types. The competence to subvert lysosome fusion was assessed by acidification and acquisition of lysosomal protein. For M. abscessus strains the phagosomes were acidified in all cell lines; nevertheless, the acquisition of lysosomal protein was reduced by CRM0019 compared to the ATCC 19977 strain, in A549 cells. Conversely, in macrophages, both M. abscessus strains were located in mature phagosomes, however without bacterial death. Once recovered from macrophages M. abscessus could establish a new intracellular infection. Nevertheless, only CRM0019 showed a higher growth rate in A549, increasing nearly 10-fold after 48 and 72 h.Conclusion: M. abscessus CRM0019 creates a protective and replicative niche in alveolar epithelial cells mainly by avoiding phagosome maturation. Once recovered from infected macrophages, CRM0019 remains infective and displays greater intracellular growth in A549 cells compared to the ATCC 19977 strain. This evasion strategy in alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to the long survival of the CRM0019 strain in the host and thus to the inefficacy of in vivo treatment.

show abstract

“…Contamination is assumed to occur from an environmental reservoir (16); however, person-to-person transmission cannot be ruled out. M. abscessus is supposed to be present in water and soils, but it was only recently isolated from potable and municipal water (17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal Relationship and Differentiation among Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates as Determined Using the Semiautomated Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequence PCR-Based DiversiLab System

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

g Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that causes respiratory tract infections in predisposed patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis and nosocomial skin and soft tissue infections. In order to investigate the clonal relationships between the strains causing epidemic episodes, we evaluated the discriminatory power of the semiautomated DiversiLab (DL) repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR) test for M. abscessus genotyping. Since M. abscessus was shown to be composed of subspecies (M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and M. abscessus subsp. abscessus), we also evaluated the ability of this technique to differentiate subspecies. The technique was applied to two collections of clinical isolates, (i) 83 M. abscessus original isolates (43 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, 12 M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and 28 M. abscessus subsp. massiliense) from infected patients and (ii) 35 repeated isolates obtained over 1 year from four cystic fibrosis patients. The DL REP-PCR test was standardized for DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and electrophoresis pattern comparisons. Among the isolates from distinct patients, 53/83 (62%) isolates showed a specific pattern, and 30 were distributed in 11 clusters and 6 patterns, with 2 to 4 isolates per pattern. The clusters and patterns did not fully correlate with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis results. This revealed a high genomic diversity between patients, with a discriminatory power of 98% (Simpson's diversity index). However, since some isolates shared identical patterns, this raises the question of whether it is due to transmission between patients or a common reservoir. Multiple isolates from the same patient showed identical patterns, except for one patient infected by two strains. Between the M. abscessus subspecies, the indexes were <70%, indicating that the DL REP-PCR test is not an accurate tool for identifying organisms to the subspecies level. REP-PCR appears to be a rapid genotyping method that is useful for investigating epidemics of M. abscessus infections. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen responsible for lung disease, most often in predisposed patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1, 2), and it has also been described in patients without compromised lung defense (3). M. abscessus is among the top five mycobacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections. It represents half of the infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and 95% of infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) in patients with cystic fibrosis in France (4). M. abscessus infections may lead to a rapid decline in respiratory function, and relapses are observed in patients who have undergone organ transplants (5-7). M. abscessus is also responsible for extrapulmonary infections in immunocompetent patients with outbreaks, related to surgical and cosmetic procedures, reported in various countries (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(1...

show abstract

Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculosis mycobacteria from drinking-water in Basra governorate, Iraq

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review

Increased survival and proliferation of the epidemic strain Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 in alveolar epithelial cells

Clonal Relationship and Differentiation among Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates as Determined Using the Semiautomated Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequence PCR-Based DiversiLab System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About