Isolation and identification of the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin from a Thailand strain of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria)

Tropical cyanobacterial blooms: a review of prevalence, problem taxa, toxins and influencing environmental factors

“…The only bloom-forming species was Cylin- drospermopsis raciborskii, although recent taxonomic revisions now recognise more than one species, e.g., coiled morphotypes of C. raciborskii are now known as C. philippinensis (Komárek and Mareš, 2011). Even though C. raciborskii has been bloom-forming in one country and commonly found in two others, cylindrospermopsin production of 1.02 mg g -1 was recorded from only one study in Thailand (Li et al, 2001). The toxin level of this strain was much lower than an Australian strain cultured in the same conditions (1.358 mg g -1 ) (Li et al, 2001).…”

“…Even though C. raciborskii has been bloom-forming in one country and commonly found in two others, cylindrospermopsin production of 1.02 mg g -1 was recorded from only one study in Thailand (Li et al, 2001). The toxin level of this strain was much lower than an Australian strain cultured in the same conditions (1.358 mg g -1 ) (Li et al, 2001). In contrast to tropical Asia, Cylindrospermopsis was the dominant bloom-forming genus in tropical Australia, accounting for seven out of eight blooms ( Figs.…”

“…1). The genus was bloom-forming in Singapore and potentially so in Thailand and Vietnam (Khoo et al, 1977;Li et al, 2001;Pongswat et al, 2004;Meesukko et al, 2007;Khuantrairong and Traichaiyaporn, 2008;Dao et al, 2010). The only bloom-forming species was Cylin- drospermopsis raciborskii, although recent taxonomic revisions now recognise more than one species, e.g., coiled morphotypes of C. raciborskii are now known as C. philippinensis (Komárek and Mareš, 2011).…”

Diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa

“…These findings raise the question of whether C. curvispora, R. curvata and R. mediterranea can be regarded as separate species or are most likely just rare morphotypes of C. raciborskii. Strains of Cylindrospermopsis and Raphidiopsis from Australia, Brazil, China, Japan and Thailand produce CYN, STXs or ATX (Hawkins et al 1997;Saker and Neilan 2001;Li et al 2001;Namikoshi et al 2003;Soto-Liebe et al 2010). However, all the Cylindrospermopsis and Raphidiopsis strains isolated from Hartbeespoort Dam tested negative for production of cyanotoxins and their encoding genes.…”

“…However, the existence of toxin producing Sphaerospermopsis strains cannot be excluded because in many other Nostocales genera, e.g. Cylindrospermopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, non-toxin and toxin producing strains have been described (Ballot et al 2010a(Ballot et al , 2010bLi et al 2001;Haande et al 2008).…”