Isolation and Identification of Vibrio Species from Different Types of Water Sources Along with Their Drug Susceptible Pattern

Abstract

Background: Human activities are almost usually the cause of contaminated water supplies and places with large population densities and intensive land usage are particularly prone to pollution of drinking water sources. It is challenging to detoxify polluted water sources. Cholera is an acute form of diarrheal disease that plagued human civilization over the centuries. Vibrio spp., commonly found in aquatic environments, are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world, those may spread to humans through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water or exposure to seawater. Methods: In the present study, a total of 12 samples were collected from four types of water sources for the isolation of Vibrio spp. along with their drug-resistant pattern through conventional, biochemical, and antibiotic disc diffusion methods. Results: The samples were enriched into alkaline peptone water and then inoculated into culture media such as nutrient agar, MacConkey, and TCBs agar medium. After incubation for 24 h at 37°C on TCBS agar, yellow and green colonies were screened out for biochemical identification. Nonsucrose-fermenting Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio vulnificus showed green colonies, and sucrose-fermenting Vibrio cholera and Vibrio alginolyticus showed yellow colonies on TCBS. The antibiotics ERY (15 μg), PCN (10 μg), CEX (30 μg), and VAN (30 μg) were completely resistant while the more effective antibiotics against Vibrio spp. were SXT (25 μg), CHL (30 μg), and GEN (30 μg). However, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin showed moderate efficacy. Conclusion: To expand current knowledge on the occurrence, ecological niche, and persistence of potential human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in aquatic environments, the extensive laboratory experiment is required. To sum up, this kind of information is crucial for bringing attention to the existence of Vibrio spp. and enabling prompt implementation of preventive measures.