Isolation and identification ofStreptomyces sp. and assay of its exocellular water-soluble blue pigments

Abstract

A bacterial strain producing a great amount of blue pigment during submerse fermentation was isolated and identified. Based on morphological characteristics, cell-wall chemotype and sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the strain should belong to the genus Streptomyces; it had 99.4% homology of 16S rRNA gene sequence with that of Streptomyces indigocolor. The pigment production by the strain was affected by carbon and nitrogen sources. The main components of the pigment mixture (detected by HPLC and TLC) were tentatively classified as actinorhodin-related compounds. The pigment was relatively stable against light and higher temperature but was sensitive to low pH. The preliminary acute-toxicity determination showed that the pigment was nontoxic (LD50 > 15 mg/g).

Characterization of plasmid pXL100 from Amycolatopsis orientalis HCCB10007 and construction of a shuttle vector

“…The pXL100 plasmid from this strain was isolated using a modified version of a previously mentioned protocol . A. orientalis HCCB10007 and the plasmid‐free strain A. orientalis ATCC43490 were grown at 28 °C in Gause's synthetic agar medium , and the transformants and A. mediterranei were cultured in Bennet medium . For vancomycin production, spores of A. orientalis and its derivative were inoculated into a 250‐ml, baffled flask containing 25 ml of seed medium (20 g L −1 glycerol, 40 g L −1 amidulin, 20 g L −1 soybean flour, 15 g L −1 glucose, 6 g L −1 KNO 3 , 0.2 g L −1 KH 2 PO 4 , 0.4 g L −1 MgCl 2 .6H 2 O), cultivated at 28 °C and 220 rpm for 44 h and then transferred to production medium (20 g L −1 glycerol, 20 g L −1 soybean flour, 6 g L −1 KNO3, 0.2 g L −1 KH 2 PO 4 , 0.4 g L −1 MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, 3 g L −1 CaCO 3 ).…”

Streptomyces-Derived Bioactive Pigments: Ecofriendly Source of Bioactive Compounds

“…Among the types of chromatography used for pigment purification are flash chromatography [88], column chromatography on alumina [64], thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [46,55,59], ion-exchange chromatography [66], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [71,92], and preferentially coupled to mass spectroscopy (MS) [77,86,93]. Thus, between some of the columns used are SephadexG-50 [66,67], silica gel columns [61,85], Kromasil ODS C-18 columns [86], Sephadex LH-20 [87,91,103,104], Zorbax ODS C18 [97], Silica-coated glass plates [97], silica-gel-coated aluminum sheets [99], and DEAE-Sepharose columns [100]. In special cases, the compounds separated were detected by UV illuminator [74].…”

“…Even though one of the main disadvantages of pigments is their stability, only 17% of the selected articles evaluated them. The stability of the pigment includes assays under different conditions of pH, temperature, or light [76,97], or, in the presence of metal ions, additives, vitamins, and reducing and oxidizing agents [82,86].…”

“…The main most optimized variables are the sources of carbon and nitrogen and their concentrations: carbon sources include glycerol [66], starch, dextrose, maltose, fructose, glucose [60,61], xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, raffinose, mannitol, inositol, sucrose [71], lactose [73], melibiose, and sorbinose [76]. Nitrogen sources include L-tyrosine or tyrosine, asparagine [61,66], yeast extract, soyabean meal, peptone [60,61], ammonium sulphate, malt extract, phenyl alanine, histidine [61], glutamine [62], potassium nitrate, protease-peptone, ferric ammonium citrate [40], sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), beef extract, casein, casein peptone, meat peptone [89], soy peptone [94], KNO 3 [97], ammonium nitrate [103], and urea [108].…”

The Effect of Co-Culture on Production of Blue Pigment by Streptomyces coelicolor M145 with Bacillus subtilis as Auxiliary

“…Generally, blue pigments are divided into two certain kinds, natural and synthetic pigments. Although the synthetic pigments are mainly used as colorants in food or cosmetic industry, it is found that the synthetic colors are hardly nutrients, and some of them are toxic [1][2][3] to some extent. So the natural pigments, safer than synthetic ones, are being increasingly emphasized.…”