Isolation and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from pigs in China

Tu, Jiagang; Zhou, Hongbo; Jiang, Taozhen; Li, Chun; Zhang, Anding; Guo, Xuebo; Zou, Wei; Chen, Huanchun; Jin, Meilin

doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0381-1

Cited by 97 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Sequence analysis revealed that an avian-like H3N8 influenza A virus, A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 (seal11), was the cause of the outbreak (23). Although A(H3N8), usually found in avian, canine, equine, and swine hosts (24)(25)(26)(27), had been isolated from a seal prior to this event (28), the high mortality observed increased interest from public health officials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Proteins from an A(H3N8) Influenza Virus Isolated from New England Harbor Seals

Yang

Nguyen

Carney

et al. 2015

J Virol

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In late 2011, an A(H3N8) influenza virus infection resulted in the deaths IMPORTANCECross-species transmission of zoonotic influenza viruses increases public health concerns. Here, we report a molecular and structural study of the major surface proteins from an A(H3N8) influenza virus isolated from New England harbor seals. The results improve our understanding of these viruses as they evolve and provide important information to aid ongoing risk assessment analyses as these zoonotic influenza viruses continue to circulate and adapt to new hosts. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are classified into subtypes according to the serological reactivity of their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) (1, 2). While 16 HA (H1 to H16) and 9 NA (N1 to N9) subtypes have been identified in wild aquatic birds in the last 100 years, only 3 have adapted to the human population, resulting in four pandemics: H1N1 in 1918 and 2009, H2N2 in 1957, and H3N2 in 1968 (3-6). Although aquatic birds are believed to be the natural reservoir for influenza viruses (7), two novel subtypes of influenza A viruses, H17N10 and H18N11, were recently described in New World bats, which thus may be an alternate reservoir of influenza viruses in nature (8,9).Since the first isolation of H1N1 IAV in swine (10) and the subsequent observation that ferrets were susceptible to IAV (11), it became evident that multiple IAV subtypes of either avian or human descent can infect a number of mammalian species (1). Indeed, over the last decade, the perception and impact of influenza virus infections in animals have changed dramatically as a result of a number of recent outbreaks in poultry involving viruses from the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes that resulted in Ͼ1,000 human infections, as well as the swine origin of the recent A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic virus (4,(12)(13)(14). This has prompted some governments to invest heavily in global surveillance, research, and capacity building. Public health officials now have a keen interest in all IAVs, but particularly in whether animals, such as pigs, that are closely associated with humans can represent a possible pathway for increased interspecies virus adaptation and transmission.Similar to the infection of pigs, IAV (i.e., H7N7, H4N5, H3N3, H13N2, H13N9, and H4N6 subtypes) and influenza B virus infections have been detected in marine mammals, including seals, whales, and sea otters (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In November 2011, a marine mammal "unusual mortality event" was declared for Maine, New Hampshire, and northern Massachusetts in response to a large number of deaths in the New England harbor seal population. Sequence analysis revealed that an avian-like H3N8 influenza A virus, A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 (seal11), was the cause of the outbreak (23). Although A(H3N8), usually found in avian, canine, equine, and swine hosts (24-27), had been isolated from a seal prior to this event (28), the high mortality observed increased interest from public health officials.Here, we focus our...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Proteins from an A(H3N8) Influenza Virus Isolated from New England Harbor Seals

Yang

Nguyen

Carney

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Ο ιός H3N8 της γρίπης των ιπποειδών ανιχνεύθηκε για πρώτη φορά σε χοίρους με αναπνευστικά συμ πτώματα, το διάστημα 2004-2006 στην Κίνα (Tu et al, 2009). Σε αντίθεση, όμως, με το στέλεχος Η3Ν8 που απομονώθηκε από τους σκύλους, αυτά τα στελέχη δεν φαίνεται να προκάλεσαν άλλες επιζωοτίες και κατατάσσονται φυλογενετικά στον Ευρωπαϊκό κλάδο, ο οποίος περιλαμβάνει στελέχη που απομονώθηκαν τη δεκαετία του 1990 (Tu et al, 2009).…”

Section: μετάδοση του ιοΰ της γρίπης των υυιοειδών σε άλλα είδη ξενιστώνunclassified

“…Σε αντίθεση, όμως, με το στέλεχος Η3Ν8 που απομονώθηκε από τους σκύλους, αυτά τα στελέχη δεν φαίνεται να προκάλεσαν άλλες επιζωοτίες και κατατάσσονται φυλογενετικά στον Ευρωπαϊκό κλάδο, ο οποίος περιλαμβάνει στελέχη που απομονώθηκαν τη δεκαετία του 1990 (Tu et al, 2009). Δεδομένου ότι το 1993 είχε απομονωθεί το στέλεχος A/Eq/Gansu/ 2/94 από επιζωοτία γρίπης σε ίππους στην Κίνα, το οποίο φυλογενετικά προσομοίαζε στα στελέχη του Ευρωπαϊκού κλάδου (Guo et al, 1995), ενισχύεται η υπόθεση ότι ο ιός που απομονώθηκε στους χοίρους προήλθε από τα ιπποειδή.…”

Section: μετάδοση του ιοΰ της γρίπης των υυιοειδών σε άλλα είδη ξενιστώνunclassified

Equine influenza

Bountouri

Fragkiadaki

DAFIS

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Equine Influenza (ΕΙ) is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease of equine. The causative agent of EI infections is a type A influenza virus, classified into the family Orthomyxovirìdae. Up to today two subtypes of EI are known, subtype 1 (H7N7) and subtype 2 (H3N8). Subtype 1 has not been isolated since 1977 and is presumed that has been replaced by the subtype 2, which is the causative agent of many recent outbreaks. Antigenic drift of H3N8 viruses resulted in the divergence of strains into two distinct evolutionary lineages, which co-circulate. The high morbidity of equine influenza disease was demonstrated in all resent widespread outbreaks all over the world. On the other hand, the mortality rate of influenza disease in equids is generally low, unless secondary bacterial infections occurred. Devastating economic loss of the disease in breeding and race animals reinforced the importance of vaccination. Despite the extensive use of vaccines, outbreaks of equine influenza continue to occur. In 2003 there were widespread outbreaks of equine influenza among un vaccinates and regularly vaccinated horses in Europe and later all over the world, even in regions that rarely report equine influenza outbreaks. However, studies have shown that vaccination does not prevent transmission and on the other hand multiple booster doses could result to paralysis of the immune system. Furthermore, all these developments including transmission to swine and dogs, shows the unpredictable evolutionary pathways the equine influenza virus follows. In conclusion, influenza surveillance and research should go on and provide useful tools to better evaluate when vaccine strains should be updated.

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“…In recent times, H3N8 viruses are circulating in horse where as the H7N7 subtype has not been isolated from horses for over 30 years and is presumed to be out of infections cycle at present [14]. Recently, H3N8 virus jumped the species barrier to infect dogs [4,8,16] and pigs [25]. Since the first isolation of H3N8 virus (Miami/63), these viruses have diversified into various lineages viz, Predivergent, Eurasian, and American-which on the basis of HA gene analysis has further diversified into Kentucky, South America, and Florida sublineage (clade 1 & 2) [3,5,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of the Neuraminidase (NA) Gene of Equine Influenza Virus (H3N8) from Epizootic of 2008–2009 in India

et al. 2013

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Isolation and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from pigs in China

Cited by 97 publications

References 10 publications

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Proteins from an A(H3N8) Influenza Virus Isolated from New England Harbor Seals

Structural and Functional Analysis of Surface Proteins from an A(H3N8) Influenza Virus Isolated from New England Harbor Seals

Equine influenza

Genetic Analysis of the Neuraminidase (NA) Gene of Equine Influenza Virus (H3N8) from Epizootic of 2008–2009 in India

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