Isolation and pathogenic characterization of duck adenovirus 3 mutant circulating in China

Abstract

Duck adenoviruses ( DAdVs ) include serotype 1 ( DAdV-1 ) in the genus Atadenovirus and serotypes 2-4 (DAdV-2, 3, and 4) in the genus Aviadenovirus. DAdV-3 was initially isolated from Chinese Muscovy ducks in 2014, whereby the infected ducks exhibited yellowing and hemorrhaging in the liver, along with slight pericardial effusion, swelling, and hemorrhaging in the kidneys. In recent years, duck adenovirus infections have appeared in Muscovy duck farms in Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong, and other places in China. They have an incidence rate of 40 to 55% and a mortality rate of 35 to 43%, resulting in great losses to the duck breeding industry. In this study, 7 DAdV-3 strains, designated as TZ193, FJPT20161124, GX20170519, FJZZ, GDMM, AHAQ, and GDHS were isolated from Muscovy ducks in different provinces of China during 2016–2019, and their complete genomics were sequenced. Their genomes all exhibited significant deletions in ORF67 , which also had G to A transitions at the 41st and 977th nt positions, resulting in a stop codon. The pathogenicity of TZ193, a novel isolate of DAdV-3, was investigated in Muscovy ducks. TZ193 caused characteristic lesions of swelling as well as hemorrhagic liver and kidney in the infected ducklings. Moreover, the mortality rate of TZ193 in 5-day-old domestic ducks was 100%. Our data provide concrete evidence for the identification of the DAdV-3 novel variant mutant in China, which effects increased mortality in ducks. This highlights the necessity for monitoring the specific molecular epidemiology of novel DAdV-3 mutants and the development of new vaccines in the future.

Molecular epidemiology analysis of fowl adenovirus detected from apparently healthy birds in eastern China

“…This indicated that chicken may be an important risk, which indicated that chickens in the LPMs of southern China may play an important role in the transmission and circulation of FAdVs. According to the relevant reports around the world, duck adenovirus have been reported since 2014 [ 21 – 26 ], and infection of FAdV-4 in geese and pigeon adenovirus 1 have been reported in the previous study [ 27 – 29 ]. Meanwhile, FAdVs were also detected from ducks, geese and pigeons in this study.…”

Novel monoclonal antibodies against Fiber-1 of duck adenovirus 3 and their B cell epitopes

“…Recently, DAdV-3 mutants with the truncated ORF67 were reported, spread and became prevalent ( 8 ). Such novel DAdV-3 isolates may be more pathogenic, suggesting that more attention should be paid on monitoring the infection and epidemiology of DAdV-3 ( 9 ). In previous studies, Fiber-2 of FAdV-4 as a vital surface protein was related to viral virulence, and Fiber-1 of FAdV-4 was proven to directly mediate the virus infection ( 10 – 12 ).…”

“…The genome of DAdV-3 encodes three major surface structural proteins including Fiber, Hexon and Penton ( 9 ). Like the serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4), DAdV-3 has two Fiber proteins (Fiber-1 and Fiber-2).…”

Duck plague virus infection alter the microbiota composition and intestinal functional activity in Muscovy ducks

“…At 24 h, cells were challenged by DPV until 72-h-post inoculation ( hpi ). After drying, cells were rinsed and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 15 min ( Shi et al., 2022 ). Cells were next subsequently incubated with positive serum against DPV for 1 h, after which they were incubation with 1:2,000 diluted rabbit antigoat IgG ( H+L ) secondary antibody, electron fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the preparations, and Adobe Photoshop was used to edit the obtained photos.…”