The role of infectious pathology in the genesis of infertility is still being studied. The present review considers possible mechanisms of infertility development associated with the microbial profile of the male reproductive system. It makes an attempt to study the role of pathogenic properties of microorganisms in the development of infertile conditions if an inflammatory process is localized in the male urogenital tract, in particular its effects on the fertility properties of spermatozoa (reduction in their number, inhibition of their motility, changes in their morphology and fertilizing capacity). Besides, the review presents a discussion on the role of reactivity and resistance of an organism in maintaining chronic inflammation in male reproductive organs.