Isolation and serological studies with infectious bursal disease viruses from fowl, turkeys and ducks: Demonstration of a second serotype

Abstract

The isolation of a number of strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus from fowl, turkeys and ducks is described. These isolates could be grouped into two serotypes using the neutralisation test. It is proposed that the cell culture adapted vaccine strain from fowl should be the prototype virus for serotype 1 and that the TY89 isolate from a turkey should be the prototype for serotype 2. The isolates in serotype 2 consisted of an antigenically homogeneous group of viruses from turkeys and fowl. However, within serotype 1, which represented isolates from fowl and ducks, some isolates showed only a 30% cross reaction with the vaccine strain. If cross protection mirrors cross neutralisation, then infection with viruses belonging to serotype 2 or with antigenically distant strains from serotype 1 provides one explanation for the apparent failure of the vaccine on certain sites. However, if cross protection does not mirror cross neutralisation, then a virus from serotype 2 could be used as a heterotypic vaccine for young birds with high levels of maternally derived antibody to serotype 1.

Genetic characterization of South American infectious bursal disease virus reveals the existence of a distinct worldwide-spread genetic lineage

“…Serotype 2 has not been associated with disease in any avian species, while serotype 1 comprises all the known pathogenic IBDVs (McFerran et al, 1980;Jackwood et al, 1985). First outbreaks of the pathogenic serotype 1 occurred more than 50 years ago in Gumboro (Delaware, USA) (Cosgrove, 1962).…”

Extensive antigenic changes in an atypical isolate of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus and experimental clinical control of this virus with an antigenically classical live vaccine

“…Two IBDV serotypes have been defined on the basis of the lack of cross-neutralization (McFerran et al, 1980). Serotype 1 IBDV replicates in and induces lysis of the IgM-bearing B lymphocytes (Hirai et al, 1981), mainly in the bursa of Fabricius, thus causing a major fatal or immunosuppressive condition in young chickens.…”

Rapid diagnosis of infectious bursal disease infection by immunofluorescence on clinical material

“…However, some smears contained only a few positive cells, and, in some cases, not all smears from the same bursa were positive. The fluorescence was cytoplasmic and in some cases bar-like inclusions were seen, which are typical of IBD fluorescence in cell culture (McFerran et al, 1980). To check the specificity of the G9 conjugate, primary cultures of CEF or chick embryo liver cells were infected with avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, avian rotavirus and Marek's disease virus.…”