Isolation and Similarity Effects in a Serial Reconstruction Task

Lippman, Louis G.; Lippman, Marcia Z.

doi:10.2307/1421820

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SR: Cowan and Morey (2007); Logie et al (1990); Sanders and Schroots (1969) CD: Cowan and Morey (2007); Delvenne and Bruyer (2004); Fougnie and Marois (2006); Fougnie and Marois (2009) SR: Smyth and Pendleton (1990) IRec: Depoorter and Vandierendonck (2009) RRec: Depoorter and Vandierendonck (2009) CS: Barrouillet et al (2004); Barrouillet et al (2007); Barrouillet et al (2011); Camos et al (2009); Hudjetz and Oberauer (2007); Liefooghe et al (2008) Brown, Morin, and Lewandowsky (2006) Running memory span: Geiger and Lewandowsky (2008) IRec: C. Morin et al (2010) ROO: Lewandowsky et al (2006) 9.1.2. No temporal isolation effects in forward serial recall and serial recognition (C) SR: Nimmo and Lewandowsky (2005); Nimmo and Lewandowsky (2006) SRec: Farrell and McLaughlin (2007) SR: Peteranderl and Oberauer (2017) SR: Parmentier, King, et al (2006) 9.1.3 Nontemporal isolation effects (B) SR: Smith & Stearns (1949) (anticipation method) IRec: von Restorff (1933)/ Hunt (1995) PR: Calkins (1894) FR: Bireta et al (2008); Welch and Burnett (1924) ROO: Lippman (1980); Lippman and Lippman (197...…”

Section: Multiple-set Effects Within Domains (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

Oberauer¹,

Lewandowsky²,

Awh³

et al. 2018

Psychological Bulletin

319

306

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Any mature field of research in psychology-such as short-term/working memory-is characterized by a wealth of empirical findings. It is currently unrealistic to expect a theory to explain them all; theorists must satisfice with explaining a subset of findings. The aim of the present article is to make the choice of that subset less arbitrary and idiosyncratic than is current practice. We propose criteria for identifying benchmark findings that every theory in a field should be able to explain: Benchmarks should be reproducible, generalize across materials and methodological variations, and be theoretically informative. We propose a set of benchmarks for theories and computational models of short-term and working memory. The benchmarks are described in as theory-neutral a way as possible, so that they can serve as empirical common ground for competing theoretical approaches. Benchmarks are rated on three levels according to their priority for explanation. Selection and ratings of the benchmarks is based on consensus among the authors, who jointly represent a broad range of theoretical perspectives on working memory, and they are supported by a survey among other experts on working memory. The article is accompanied by a web page providing an open forum for discussion and for submitting proposals for new benchmarks; and a repository for reference data sets for each benchmark. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Multiple-set Effects Within Domains (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

Oberauer¹,

Lewandowsky²,

Awh³

et al. 2018

Psychological Bulletin

319

306

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2 Research on the isolation effect has typically involved free recall (e.g., Dunlosky, Hunt, & Clark, 2000;Fabiani & Donchin, 1995;Hirshman & Jackson, 1997;Winters & Hoats, 1989), although a number of studies have addressed order memory (e.g., Bone & Goulet, 1968;Cimbalo, Nowak, & Soderstrom, 1981;Lippman, 1980). Lippman and Lippman (1978) found enhanced reordering of an item isolated by color with a reconstruction task. Similar effects were reported by Kelley and Nairne (2001), who also used a reconstruction task.…”

Section: The Isolation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall.

Farrell¹,

Lewandowsky²

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

107

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In short-term serial recall, similar sounding items are remembered less well than items that do not sound alike. This phonological similarity effect has been observed with lists composed only of similar items, and also with lists that mix together similar and dissimilar items. An additional consistent finding has been what the authors call dissimilar immunity, the finding that ordered recall of dissimilar items is the same whether these items occur in pure dissimilar or mixed lists. The authors present 3 experiments that disconfirm these previous findings by showing that dissimilar items on mixed lists are recalled better than their counterparts on pure lists if order errors are considered separately from intrusion errors (Experiment 1), or if intrusion errors are experimentally controlled (Experiments 2 and 3). The memory benefit for dissimilar items on mixed lists poses a challenge for current models of short-term serial recall.

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“…As such, it seems that both broad classes of explanation for the isolation effect in the verbal domain-grouping and richer item-specific processing-may be relevant in the context of the isolation effect in the spatial domain depending on the specific procedure employed. This multifaceted approach to the isolation effect is not without precedent: For example, Lippman and Lippman (1978) suggested that when participants were to learn the order of a series of verbal items, they used the isolate as a "reorganizational device" but when they also had to learn item identity (e.g., serial learning), they capitalized on the isolate's distinctiveness to learn the identity of the isolate itself (see also Johansson, 1970). Thus, although theories suggesting that the isolate benefits from greater specific item encoding provide an adequate account of some features of the isolation effect (e.g., Fabiani & Donchin, 1995;Hunt & Lamb, 2001), they would need to be refined in order to account for the effect of isolation on memory for order as observed here and elsewhere (e.g., Kelley & Nairne, 2001) and also acknowledge that the isolate may sometimes enhance performance by promoting particular grouping strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Isolation Effect in Serial Memory for Spatial Information

Guérard

Hughes

Tremblay

2008

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This paper reports the first demonstration of an isolation effect or von Restorff effect (von Restorff, 1933) in the context of a spatial-memory task: Short-term serial recall was enhanced for both the location and the serial position of one red dot presented amongst a sequence of otherwise black dots. When the serial position of the isolate was fixed, the spatial isolation effect only emerged when participants received a control block of trials before the block of isolation trials (Experiment 1). However, when the serial position of the isolate was varied across isolation trials, an isolation effect was still produced regardless of condition order (Experiment 2). It is suggested that both temporal grouping strategies and greater item-specific processing may have contributed to the enhanced retention of the isolate.When an item differs in some way from the other items in a verbal to-be-remembered sequence, memory for the distinct item is enhanced. This isolation effect or von Restorff effect-as it is also commonly known following its discoverer (von Restorff, 1933)-is a robust phenomenon that has been replicated numerous times in many different methodological settings. Although an isolation effect has been found when an item is postcategorically distinct from its neighbours (e.g., a digit amongst syllables; Fabiani & Donchin, 1995), in most demonstrations the isolate has been precategorically (or perceptually) distinct, in terms of, for example, its colour (e.g., Huang & Hynum, 1970;Rosen, Richardson, & Saltz, 1962) or size (e.g., Huang & Hynum, 1970;Kelley & Nairne, 2001). Such effects in which isolation is implemented through precategorical attributes suggest that the phenomenon is unlikely to be related specifically to verbal Correspondence should be addressed to Katherine Guérard, É cole de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada. E-mail: katherine.guerard.1@ulaval.caThanks are due to Josée Bluteau for assistance in running the experiment. We would also like to thank François Vachon for critical reading of an earlier draft.

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Isolation and Similarity Effects in a Serial Reconstruction Task

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory.

Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall.

An Isolation Effect in Serial Memory for Spatial Information

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