Isolation and structure of somatostatin from porcine hypothalami

Schally, Andrew V.; Dupont, André; Arimura, Akira; Redding, Tommie W.; Nishi, Nozomu; Linthicum, George L.; Schlesinger, David H.

doi:10.1021/bi00648a009

Cited by 178 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Somatostatin, first isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts [l], has been characterized as a tetradecapeptide [2], and the same peptide has been obtained from porcine hypothalamus [3]. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and bioactivity are widely distributed in the central nervous system and in the digestive tract tissues [4-71.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and bioactivity are widely distributed in the central nervous system and in the digestive tract tissues [4-71. Size heterogeneity described in somatostatin-like immunoreactive materials [3,6,8,9] raised the possibility of the existence of prohormonal forms of this molecule [lO,l 11. During the purification of porcine intestinal somatostatin differences were noticed in the chromatographic behaviour of immunoreactive fractions and synthetic somatogtatin- 14 [ 121. A novel intestinal peptide was then isolated and partly characterized as an N-terminally extended form of somatostatin [ 131. We report here the primary structure of this intestinal peptide which has been found to be an octacosapeptide, somatostatin-28.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N‐terminally extended somatostatin: The primary structure of somatostatin‐28

et al. 1980

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐terminally extended somatostatin: The primary structure of somatostatin‐28

et al. 1980

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“…It is not known whether somatostatin receptors are the same in different mammals. Since, no variation has been found in the amino acid sequence of native somatostatin-14 in the mammals studied, sheep, pig, and rat (32)(33)(34)(35), it is likely that receptors for somatostatin-14 are similar. Recently, the existence of multiple forms of somatostatin and its precursors besides somatostatin-14 has been demonstrated in angler fish (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Activity Relationships of Somatostatin Analogs in the Rabbit Ileum and the Rat Colon

Rosenthal¹,

Yamashiro²,

Rivier³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Somatostatin increases absorption of electrolytes and inhibits diarrhea in patients with endocrine tumors and short bowel syndrome. In an attempt to develop a gut-specific somatostatin analog, each amino acid in the somatostatin molecule was replaced with L-alanine, deleted, or substituted with its D-isomer. The potency of each analog to stimulate ion transport in the rabbit ileum was then determined using the modified Ussing chamber technique. The results were compared to the ability of each analog to inhibit the stimulated release of growth hormone from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells and to inhibit the arginine-stimulated release of insulin and glucagon in the rat in vivo. Analogs that showed gut selectivity were then tested for their ion transport properties in the rat colon. Results: (a) Substitution with L-alanine or deletion of the amino acid at position 6, 7, 8, or 9 and deletion of Threonine'°-produced analogs with significantly reduced ion transport properties to <4% of somatostatin's action. The substitution also markedly reduced the ability of the compounds to inhibit the release of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon. (b) Selectivity of intestinal ion transport was achieved by any one of the following alterations: L-alanine substitution at Phenylalanine", deletion of Phenylalanine", substitution with D-lysine at Lysine4, or substitution with L-alanine at Lysine4. These compounds had intestinal ion transport properties of 52, 34, 139, and 94%, respectively, while demonstrating little or

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“…Somatostatin was identified and isolated as the growth hormone release inhibiting factor found in extracts of ovine 148,149 and porcine hypothalamus. 150 The importance of this discovery and its impact thereafter was recognized when the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1977 was awarded to Guillemin and Schally for their work in this area.…”

Section: Somatostatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating markers for endocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic tract

Ardill

2008

Ann Clin Biochem

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The diffuse endocrine system (DES) includes a wide range of secretory cells that may be the source of tumours. Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine (GEP) tumours arising within the DES secrete a variety of peptides and amines that are found in the circulation and are responsible for the syndromes associated with these tumours. In this review, the most common tumours of the GEP tract are outlined and the circulating products of these tumours identified. Where differential diagnosis is difficult these points are addressed. The peptides most commonly secreted by GEP neuroendocrine tumours are identified and described and their biological activities are discussed. Current methods available for measurement of these peptides are described. Attention is drawn towards molecular specificity where appropriate, as many pancreatic and gut peptides fall within families which show considerable homology, such as the tachykinin family or the glucagon family. Other peptides such as gastrin circulate in multiple molecular forms. This homology and diversity may cause difficulty in the interpretation of peptide measurements in the clinical situation if assays are not specific.

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Isolation and structure of somatostatin from porcine hypothalami

Cited by 178 publications

References 25 publications

N‐terminally extended somatostatin: The primary structure of somatostatin‐28

N‐terminally extended somatostatin: The primary structure of somatostatin‐28

Structure-Activity Relationships of Somatostatin Analogs in the Rabbit Ileum and the Rat Colon

Circulating markers for endocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic tract

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