The
monoanion of triphenylene (C18H12, 1) was generated in THF using several alkali metals (Na, K,
Rb, and Cs) as reducing agents and crystallized with the corresponding
cations in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether. The UV–vis spectroscopy
points to the metal-dependent coordination environment of the triphenylene
monoanion-radicals, 1
·–, in solution.
The X-ray diffraction characterization confirmed the formation of
a solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) with sodium ions, [{Na+(18-crown-6)(THF)2}(1
·–)] (2), and three contact-ion pair (CIP) complexes formed
by larger alkali metal ions, [{K+(18-crown-6)}(1
·–)] (3), [{Rb+(18-crown-6)}(1
·–)] (4), and [{Cs+(18-crown-6)}(1
·–)] (5). Structural analysis of the series reveals a notable geometry
perturbation of the triphenylene framework in 2 caused
by one-electron acquisition, which is further enhanced by direct metal
binding in 3–5. This has been correlated
with the aromaticity changes and charge redistribution upon one-electron
reduction of 1, as revealed by the computational studies.
The EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm
antiferromagnetic interactions corresponding to an S = 1/2 system in the solid state. The magnetic behavior of 3–5 correlates with the arrangement of
triphenylene radicals in the crystal structures. All three compounds
exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between S = 1/2 radicals in the solid state, but the exchange coupling in 4 and 5 is notably stronger than that in 3, which leads to AFM ordering at 3.8 K in 4 and
at 2.0 K in 5. The magnetic phase transitions in 4 and 5 can be interpreted as originating from
interactions between the chains of the AFM-coupled S = 1/2 radicals.