Isolation and Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis from Soil and Insect Habitats in New Zealand

Chilcott, C. N.; Wigley, P. J.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1993.1047

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…The percentage of B. thuringiensis isolates obtained in our study (31% from soil and 36% from insects) was similar to that reported by Chilcot and Wigley (1993) but lower than the 82% obtained by Uribe et al (2003) and the 90% reported by Bravo et al (1998). The 36% of B. thuringiensis recovered from insects was similar to the 40% reported by , but less than the 60% obtained by Hernandez et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2010

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Samples of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were collected from soil and insects. Eight isolates were selected from rural soil, 15 from urban soil and 11 from insects. These were evaluated for entomopathogenicity against larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Culex quinquefasciatus. The pathogenicity tests showed that a higher percentage of isolates were active against A. gemmatalis (60%) compared to C. quinquefasciatus (31%). Probit analysis (LC 50 ) indicated that against A. gemmatalis four of the isolates presented values similar to the reference strain against A. gemmatalis, while against C. quinquefasciatus one isolate showed an LC 50 similar to the reference strain (IPS-82). SDS-PAGE characterisation of two isolates showed a 27 kDa protein fraction related to the Bt subspecies israelensis cytolytic toxin (cyt) gene. One 130 kDa protein, possibly related to the Bt crystal inclusions (cry1) gene, was identified in the other two isolates, which were more toxic for lepidoptera; another isolate presented a protein of 100 kDa. Some new local Bt isolates had similar LC50 probit values to the reference strains.Keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry proteins, Culex quinquefasciatus, isolation. Isolados de

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2010

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“…This bacterium is present not only in dead insects, but also in soils (e.g. Chilcott & Wigley 1993;Chaufaux et al 1997), water (e.g. Iriarte et al 2000) and the phylloplane of many plants (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance toBacillus thuringiensispoplar in a field population ofChrysomela tremulae

Génissel

Augustin²,

Courtin³

et al. 2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Globally, the estimated total area planted with transgenic plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins was 12 million hectares in 2001. The risk of target pests becoming resistant to these toxins has led to the implementation of resistance-management strategies. The efficiency and sustainability of these strategies, including the high-dose plus refuge strategy currently recommended for North American maize, depend on the initial frequency of resistance alleles. In this study, we estimated the initial frequencies of alleles conferring resistance to transgenic Bt poplars producing Cry3A in a natural population of the poplar pest Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We used the F 2 screen method developed for detecting resistance alleles in natural pest populations. At least three parents of the 270 lines tested were heterozygous for a major Bt resistance allele. We estimated mean resistance-allele frequency for the period 1999-2001 at 0.0037 (95% confidence interval = 0.000 45-0.0080) with a detection probability of 90%. These results demonstrate that (i) the F 2 screen method can be used to detect major alleles conferring resistance to Bt-producing plants in insects and (ii) the initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Bt toxin can be close to the highest theoretical values that are expected prior to the use of Bt plants if considering fitness costs and typical mutation rates.

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“…Researches have been pointing the importance of Bt isolation from the soil (MARTIN & TRAVERS, 1989;CHILCOTT & WIGLEY, 1993;BERNHARD et al, 1997;HOSSAIN et al, 1997;DIAS et al, 1999;PINTO & FIUZA, 2003;URIBE et al, 2003). However, the influence of soil characteristics on Bt presence is poorly studied and this can affect the methods to isolate this bacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chemical properties of the soil and the occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis

2009

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The soil and other substrates such as mushroom compounds are the main sources of new Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates for Integrated Pest Management programs. This study describes the relationship between chemical properties of the soil (pH,OM INTRODUCTIONBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widespread gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that produces toxic protein crystals named parasporal crystals. These inclusions are toxic to a wide variety of insects and many of them are commercially used against insect pests of Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera orders. Bt based biopesticides are the most successful ones and they represent approximately 80-90% of biological pest control agents worldwide (GLARE & O´CALLAGHAM, 2000;HABIB & ANDRADE, 1998 Relationship between chemical properties of the soil and the occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensisRelação entre as características químicas do solo e a ocorrência de Bacillus thuringiensis

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Isolation and Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis from Soil and Insect Habitats in New Zealand

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance toBacillus thuringiensispoplar in a field population ofChrysomela tremulae

Relationship between chemical properties of the soil and the occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis

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