Isolation, Characterisation and In Silico Toxicity Evaluations of Thiocarbamates, Isothiocyanates, Nitrile, Glucosinolate and Lipids from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed

Abstract

The phytochemical composition of medicinal plants is responsible for the ethnopharmacological applications. These phytochemicals vary in plants of same species planted in various geographical locations. The seed of Moringa oleifera Lam., a widely consumed multi-medicinal plant was examined for the bioactive phytochemicals. With the aid of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1 H-NMR/ 13 C-NMR) spectrometer, Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the phytochemical investigation of the seed of M. oleifera afforded nine compounds which included niazimicin 1, niazidin 2, glucomoringin isothiocyanate 3, niazinin acetate 4, niazinin triacetate 5, niazirinin 6, glucotropaeolin 7, triolein 8, trivaccenin 9. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of a major oily fraction revealed the presence of additional ten compounds which include oleic acid (major), 13-docosenoic acid, stearic acid, p-hydroxybenzyl cyanide, α-l-rhamnopyranose and other fatty acids/esters. This is the first account of a fully acetylated niazinin (a 4-(2',3',4'-O-triacetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate) 5 from Moringa oleifera seed. The in silico toxicity evaluation indicated that most of the isolated compounds are either immunotoxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic. The result thus obtained could serve a basis for the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation and profiling of the seed. The result further implied the need for dosage regulation of the consumption of the seed.

Isolation, Characterizations, Anti-Cancer, Cytotoxicity, in Silico Toxicity, and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein

“…Previous work indicated that the seed extracts with high lipid content possess good antioxidant and low proteinase inhibition potentials, among others (Atolani et al, 2018), other studies (Njan et al, 2018) further revealed that the alcoholic extract of the M. oleifera seed could induce infertility in the male animal by attenuating semen pH, whilst also exhibiting hepatotoxic effects due to persistent increase in ALP and AST even after withdrawal of the extract being administered. We further reported that the seed extractives exhibited high renal toxicity in another (Olorundare et al, 2015).…”

“…The seeds of Moringa oleifera were obtained as previously indicated (Atolani et al, 2020). The seed was authenticated and documented with the voucher number UILH/002/1008 at the herbarium of the Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.…”

“…The in silico evaluations of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, otherwise known as ADMET properties, were performed using the ProTox-II platform and SuperCYPsPred webserver (Banerjee et al, 2018;Atolani et al, 2020). While ProTox-II is a virtual platform for the evaluation of chemicalbased toxicities, the SuperCYPsPred web server is a prediction model for five major CYPs isoenzymes, namely; CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4.…”

“…Computational toxicity prediction studies using ProTox-II platform (Banerjee et al, 2018;Atolani et al, 2020) suggest that all the peptides at the positive mode ESI are safe concerning their acute toxicity profiles, mostly belonging to the tox class V (may be harmful if swallowed); except serylarginine predicted for tox class IV (harmful if swallowed). Leucylproline, Glycine, N-(N-L-methionyl-L-leucyl)-shows probable binding to corticotropin-releasing factor Receptor 1(offtargets/toxicity targets) with an average of 71.57 and 74.7.…”

“…The toxicity associated with seed consumption has been a challenge for the extensive utilization of the seed for various food and ethnomedicinal purposes (Falowo et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018). A previous study on the Moringa oleifera seed has indicated the various phytochemical constituents, including niazimicin, niazidin, glucomoringin isothiocyanate, niazinin acetate, niazinin triacetate, niazirinin, glucotropaeolin, triolein, and trivaccenin (Atolani et al, 2020).…”