Isolation, characterization and enzymatic modification of water soluble xylans from <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> wood and sugarcane bagasse

Chimphango, Annie; Zyl, Willem H. van; Görgens, Johann F.

doi:10.1002/jctb.3761

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The Höije method was better suited for xylan extraction from grasses than from E. grandis, as was shown previously (Chimphango et al, 2012b;Höije et al, 2005). Both the hemicellulose yield (71% vs. 20%) and the xylose content of the product (72.9% vs. 40%) were improved for sugarcane bagasse compared to E. grandis (Table 2; Fig.…”

Section: Yield Chemical and Physical Characteristics Of Extracted Xysupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Precipitation is usually achieved at DP values between 80 and 200 (Spiridon & Popa, 2008), although precipitation has been observed with DP as low as 10 (Chimphango, van Zyl, & Görgens, 2012b). The propensity for extracted xylan to precipitate into insoluble aggregates or hydrogels, varies with lignocellulose type, extraction methods and modifications applied (Ebringerová & Heinze, 2000;Fincher & Stone, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The xylan substrates from beechwood (model), Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse, extracted with mild alkaline methods of Höije et al (2005) and Pinto, Evtuguin, and Neto (2005) were included in the study (Chimphango et al, 2012b). Both extraction methods preserved the MeGlcA and arabinose side groups of polymeric xylan, thus ensuring water-solubility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modifying solubility of polymeric xylan extracted from Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse by suitable side chain removing enzymes

Gomes

Chimphango

Görgens

2015

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Section: Yield Chemical and Physical Characteristics Of Extracted Xysupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modifying solubility of polymeric xylan extracted from Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse by suitable side chain removing enzymes

Gomes

Chimphango

Görgens

2015

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…For hemicellulose (xylan) extraction from CWM, we used a previously described method (27). Xylan delignification and solubilization were done simultaneously in warm 3.25 M NaOH (60°C) at an alkali charge of 13% (wt/vol) and a liquid-to-biomass ratio of 3:1 for 2 h. The liquid portion containing the xylan was collected, and the residue was washed with 20 ml of 60°C water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Carbohydrates in Lettuce by Human GII.4 Norovirus

Gao

Esseili

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) strains account for about 80% of the gastroenteritis outbreaks in the United States. Contaminated food is a major transmission vehicle for this virus. In humans, pigs, and oysters, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) act as attachment factors for HuNoVs. In lettuce, although the virus-like particles (VLPs) of a GII.4 HuNoV were found to bind to cell wall carbohydrates, the exact binding site has not been investigated. Here, we show the presence of HBGA-like carbohydrates in the cell wall of lettuce. The digestion of lettuce leaves with cell wall-degrading enzymes exposed more binding sites and significantly increased the level of binding of GII.4 HuNoV VLPs. Competition assays showed that both the HBGA monoclonal antibody, recognizing the H type, and plant lectins, recognizing ␣-L-fucose in the H type, effectively inhibited VLP binding to lettuce tissues. Lettuce cell wall components were isolated and their NoV VLP binding characteristics were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The binding was inhibited by pretreatment of the lettuce cell wall materials with ␣-1,2-fucosidase. Collectively, our results indicate that H-type HBGA-like carbohydrates exist in lettuce tissues and that GII.4 HuNoV VLPs can bind the exposed fucose moiety, possibly in the hemicellulose component of the cell wall. IMPORTANCE Salad crops and fruits are increasingly recognized as vehicles for human norovirus (HuNoV) transmission. A recent studyshowed that HuNoVs specifically bind to the carbohydrates of the lettuce cell wall. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are carbohydrates and are known as the attachment factors for HuNoV infection in humans. In this study, we show the presence of HBGA-like carbohydrates in lettuce, to which HuNoVs specifically bind. These results suggest that specifically bound HuNoVs cannot be removed by simple washing, which may allow viral transmission to consumers. Our findings provide new information needed for developing potential inhibitors to block binding and prevent contamination. Foodborne illnesses constitute a recurring public health burden, with an estimated 9.4 million illnesses and 1,351 deaths annually in the United States (1). Currently, most illnesses (58%) are caused by human noroviruses (HuNoVs), and others are caused by human bacterial pathogens, such as nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. (11%) and Clostridium perfringens (10%) (1). Noroviruses (NoVs) are nonenveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Norovirus genus of the family Caliciviridae. NoVs have been classified into five genogroups (GI-GV), and GI, GII, and GIV viruses cause gastroenteritis in humans (2). Each NoV genogroup is further subdivided into several genotypes based on genetic similarities. As a single genogroup, GII currently accounts for about 86% of HuNoV cases (3, 4). HuNoVs have a very low infectious dose, and the 50% infective dose (ID 50 ) was estimated as about 18 viruses and 2,800 genomic equivalents (GEs) (5, 6). Moreover, NoVs are extremely...

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“…Hemicelluloses have a backbone of β-1,4-D-pyranosyl residues in which O-4 is in the equatorial orientation (e.g., glucose, mannose, and xylose) (Shallom and Shoham 2003). Because of their various functional properties, the potential applications of hemicelluloses are immense and span diverse fields (Chimphango and Görgens 2012;Doner and Hicks 1997). However, the natural structures of lignocellulosic materials make it hard for extraction of hemicelluloses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Low-pressure Steam Explosion and Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment for Separation of Hemicellulose

Xing¹,

Su²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Isolation, characterization and enzymatic modification of water soluble xylans from Eucalyptus grandis wood and sugarcane bagasse

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Modifying solubility of polymeric xylan extracted from Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse by suitable side chain removing enzymes

Modifying solubility of polymeric xylan extracted from Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse by suitable side chain removing enzymes

Recognition of Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Carbohydrates in Lettuce by Human GII.4 Norovirus

Combination of Low-pressure Steam Explosion and Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment for Separation of Hemicellulose

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