Isolation, characterization and growth kinetics of bacteria metabolizing pentachlorophenol

Edgehill, Richard U.; Finn, R. K.

doi:10.1007/bf00505829

Cited by 59 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Approximately 46 -48% of PCP could not be recovered from the uninoculated control soils. Edgehill and Finn (1983) also observed a 25 -30 % loss of PCP in sterile controls after 12 days of incubation which has been attributed to bonding with soil organic matter (Berry and Boyd, 1985;Dec and Bollag, 1988) or volatilisation (Edgehill and Finn, 1983)..…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic metabolism of pentachlorophenol by spent sawdust culture of ?Shiitake? mushroom (Lentinus edodes) in soil

et al. 1993

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Spent sawdust cultures of the Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) metabolised pentachlorophenol in soil to a significant (P<0.05) extent with 60.5, 57.3 and 44.4 % disappearance recorded for strains LE2, 866 and R26, respectively. Addition of H2Oz markedly enhanced pentachlorophenol metabolism. Analysis of metabolites by GC/MS showed that pentachloroanisole was a metabolic product. These results suggest that there is potential for commercial application in bioremediation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic metabolism of pentachlorophenol by spent sawdust culture of ?Shiitake? mushroom (Lentinus edodes) in soil

et al. 1993

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“…Pentachlorophenol is biodegraded by pure cultures and mixed natural populations of both bacteria Kirsch 1972, 1973;Watanabe 1973;Suzuki 1977 Suzuki , 1983aLiu et al 1981;Edgehill and Finn 1982, 1983;Stanlake and Finn 1982;Saber and Crawford 1985;Golovleva et al 1992;Middaugh et al 1993) and fungi (Mileski et al 1988;Lamar and Dietrich 1990). Such metabolism can be by anaerobic or aerobic means.…”

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confidence: 97%

Toxicological assessment of biotransformation products of pentachlorophenol: Tetrahymena population growth impairment

Bryant

Schultz

1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widespread contaminate of soils and ground water throughout North America. Earlier studies have indicated that microbial biodegradation leads to the formation of intermediate metabolites which are more toxic than the parent compound. Microbial degradation is by three general pathways: dechlorination, methylation, and oxidation. The relative toxicity of PCP and 25 of its identified intermediates of microbial transformation was evaluated in the static Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth assay. Dechlorination of chlorophenols resulted in a decrease in toxicity because of a decrease in both hydrophobicity and reactivity. Moreover, dechlorination of chloroanisoles resulted in a decrease in toxicity due to a decrease in hydrophobicity. Since there was a decrease in reactivity, methylation of chlorophenols resulted in a decrease in toxicity. Oxidation of chlorophenols resulted in enhanced toxicity owing to increased reactivity and concomitant decreased hydrophobicity.

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“…In these cases, the foreign substituent is removed only after ring cleavage (7,11,15,20). On the other hand, an increasing number of reports state that in enzymatic hydroxylation of a chloroaromatic compound the chlorine substituent may become replaced by the incoming hydroxyl (16,17,19,22,34).Several aerobic bacterial strains were shown to mineralize or degrade PCP (4,10,13,18,24,28,31), but up to now little has been known about the individual dechlorination or dearomatization reactions. Is the benzene ring cleaved prior to total dechlorination or do the degrading bacteria possess a particular mechanism for removing all five chlorines prior to ring cleavage?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several aerobic bacterial strains were shown to mineralize or degrade PCP (4,10,13,18,24,28,31), but up to now little has been known about the individual dechlorination or dearomatization reactions. Is the benzene ring cleaved prior to total dechlorination or do the degrading bacteria possess a particular mechanism for removing all five chlorines prior to ring cleavage?…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete dechlorination of tetrachlorohydroquinone by cell extracts of pentachlorophenol-induced Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus

1987

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In this paper we describe the sequence of reactions leading from tetrachloro-para-hydroquinone to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by inducible enzymes of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. Tetrachlorohydroquinone was first converted to a dichlorotrihydroxybenzene in a reaction involving both hydrolytic and reductive dechlorination; no trichlorinated intermediate was detected. Dichlorotrihydroxybenzene was subsequently reductively dechlorinated to a monochlorotrihydroxybenzene and finally to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. The cell extract also catalyzed, at a lower rate, reductive dechlorination of trichlorohydroquinone, mainly to 2,3-dichlorohydroquinone. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of reductive aromatic dechlorination by bacterial enzymes.To metabolize or cometabolize aromatic halogen compounds, bacteria must possess enzymes that either cleave the ring in spite of the halogen substituents or catalyze the removal of the halogen substituents prior to the dearomatizing reactions. Various mono-and dichlorinated benzene derivatives are known to be transformed by dearomatizing enzymes with relaxed substrate specificity (20). In these cases, the foreign substituent is removed only after ring cleavage (7,11,15,20). On the other hand, an increasing number of reports state that in enzymatic hydroxylation of a chloroaromatic compound the chlorine substituent may become replaced by the incoming hydroxyl (16,17,19,22,34).Several aerobic bacterial strains were shown to mineralize or degrade PCP (4,10,13,18,24,28,31), but up to now little has been known about the individual dechlorination or dearomatization reactions. Is the benzene ring cleaved prior to total dechlorination or do the degrading bacteria possess a particular mechanism for removing all five chlorines prior to ring cleavage? In this paper we show that the latter is true for Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus.R. chlorophenolicus, a PCP-mineralizing actinomycete (2, 4), was isolated from a chlorophenol-enriched mixed culture (3,25,32) and was found to be specialized on polychlorinated phenols and guaiacols (4,14). Chlorophenols were initially turned into corresponding para-HQs in a hydrolytic reaction (5). For PCP and other para-chlorinated phenols, this was the place of the first dechlorination. In the present paper we report on the subsequent four dechlorinations by cell extracts of R. chlorophenolicus.

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Isolation, characterization and growth kinetics of bacteria metabolizing pentachlorophenol

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Aerobic metabolism of pentachlorophenol by spent sawdust culture of ?Shiitake? mushroom (Lentinus edodes) in soil

Aerobic metabolism of pentachlorophenol by spent sawdust culture of ?Shiitake? mushroom (Lentinus edodes) in soil

Toxicological assessment of biotransformation products of pentachlorophenol: Tetrahymena population growth impairment

Complete dechlorination of tetrachlorohydroquinone by cell extracts of pentachlorophenol-induced Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus

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