Isolation of a candidate gene for Norrie disease by positional cloning

Berger, Wolfgang; Meindl, Alfons; Tj, van de Pol; Fp, Cremers; Ropers, HH; Doerner, Christa; Monaco, Anthony P.; Bergen, Arthur A. B.; Lebo, Roger V.; M, Warburgh

doi:10.1038/ng0692-199

Cited by 222 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…At least 50% of patients have various degrees of mental retardation and psychotic features and one third develop progressive sensorineural deafness, usually in the second decade (Warburg, 1966;Parving and Warburg, 1977). The Norrie Disease Protein (NDP) gene, located on chromosome Xp11.1 (Bleeker-Wagemakers et al, 1985), was identified by two groups (Berger et al, 1992a, Chen et al, 1992. So far, the gene product has an unknown function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NDP gene mutations in 14 French families with Norrie disease

et al. 2003

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Norrie disease is a rare X‐inked recessive condition characterized by congenital blindness and occasionally deafness and mental retardation in males. This disease has been ascribed to mutations in the NDP gene on chromosome Xp11.1. Previous investigations of the NDP gene have identified largely sixty disease‐causing sequence variants. Here, we report on ten different NDP gene allelic variants in fourteen of a series of 21 families fulfilling inclusion criteria. Two alterations were intragenic deletions and eight were nucleotide substitutions or splicing variants, six of them being hitherto unreported, namely c.112C>T (p.Arg38Cys), c.129C>G (p.His43Gln), c.133G>A (p.Val45Met), c.268C>T (p.Arg90Cys), c.382T>C (p.Cys128Arg), c.23479‐1G>C (unknown). No NDP gene sequence variant was found in seven of the 21 families. This observation raises the issue of misdiagnosis, phenocopies, or existence of other X‐linked or autosomal genes, the mutations of which would mimic the Norrie disease phenotype. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NDP gene mutations in 14 French families with Norrie disease

et al. 2003

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“…The carboxyl terminus of submaxillary mucin is formed by a 240-residue disulfide-rich domain, which has significant sequence identity with similar domains at the carboxyl terminus of human prepro-von Willebrand factor (3), frog integumentary mucin FIMB.1 (6), and human mucins secreted by different tissues, including MUC2, MUC5AC, 4 MUC5B, 5 and MUC6 6 (5,(7)(8)(9)(10). Moreover, the 11 half-cystines in a 133-residue protein (norrin) 7 associated with Norrie disease in humans (11,12) are conserved in the carboxyl-terminal disulfide-rich domains of human prepro-von Willebrand factor, porcine submaxillary mucin, and several human mucins (13). It has been shown that the disulfide-rich domain of prepro-von Willebrand factor (14), porcine submaxillary mucin (15), and norrin (16) forms interchain disulfide bonds between two polypeptide chains in these molecules.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Carboxyl-terminal 90 Residues of Porcine Submaxillary Mucin Are Sufficient for Forming Disulfide-bonded Dimers

Pérez-Vilar

Hill

1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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COS-7 cells transfected with expression vectors encoding 90 and 154 amino acid residues, respectively, from the carboxyl terminus of the disulfide-rich domain (240 residues) of porcine submaxillary mucin were shown to form disulfide-bonded dimers. Cells with expression vectors that encoded the disulfide-rich domain lacking the last 90 and 150 carboxyl-terminal residues, respectively, from the carboxyl terminus of the disulfide-rich domain were unable to secrete truncated domains. These results indicate that the information required to form disulfide-bonded dimers resides in only 90 residues, including 11 half-cystines. Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to change, one at a time, each codon for the 11 half-cystines to serine. Eight of the 11 mutants formed disulfide-bonded dimers indistinguishable from those produced by unmutated vector, although 6 of the 8 mutants also produced aggregates thought to be misfolded protein with scrambled disulfide bonds. Two additional mutant vectors encoding serine instead of half-cystine at residues 13244 and 13246 in submaxillary mucin expressed both monomers and dimers of the disulfide-rich domain but no aggregates. The final mutant vector, C13223S, expressed protein aggregates that were poorly secreted from transfected cells. A mutant vector with two codon changes, C13244A/ C13246A, expressed both monomers and dimers, just like the single mutants at these half-cystines. These results suggest that three half-cystine residues (Cys 13223 , Cys 13244 , and Cys 13246 ) may be involved in forming interchain disulfide bonds in mucin dimers. Two of these half-cystines, Cys 13244 and Cys 13246 , are in the highly conserved sequence C 13244 LC 13246 C in the disulfide-rich domain of several other human mucins and in preprovon Willebrand factor and norrin, a protein that in mutant forms gives rise to Norrie disease. Support for the involvement of these half-cystines in formation of disulfide-bonded dimers of these molecules is also provided by known mutations in prepro-von Willebrand factor and norrin.Porcine submaxillary mucin contains a polypeptide chain of 13,288 residues, 1 which can be divided into domains typical of those found in several other mucins secreted by various human tissues (1). Most of the polypeptide chain is comprised of 81 residue tandem repeats that are rich in serine, threonine, glycine, and alanine, and together account for 75% of the residues in this domain. There are at least three different genes encoding porcine submaxillary mucin that differ from one another in the number (90, 125, and 135) of repeats they encode (1). The tandem repeat domain is flanked on either end by unique sequences that are similar in composition to the repeat domains but exhibit no sequence identity to one another or to the tandem repeat domains. The hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine in the tandem repeat domain (2), and presumably the unique sequences flanking this domain, are in O-glycosidic linkage with oligosaccharides, which account for about 75% of the weight of native mu...

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“…it is not translated). 10 Within exons 2 and 3 there is an open reading frame of 399 bp which encodes a protein chain of 133 amino acids (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Ndp Gene Structure and Protein Productmentioning

confidence: 99%