Isolation of a field strain of Brucella abortus from RB51-vaccinated- and brucellosis-seronegative bovine yearlings that calved normally

Arellano-Reynoso, Beatriz; Suárez-Güemes, Francisco; Estrada, Felix Mejia; Michel-GómezFlores, Fernando; Hernández‐Castro, Rigoberto; Acosta, Rómulo Beltrán; Díaz-Aparicio, Efrén

doi:10.1007/s11250-012-0252-8

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The two farms included in this study showed cases of abortion after routine testing with RBPT, BAPAT and CFT with negative results. Identification of seronegative carriers can be achieved by analyzing vaginal exudates or milk [ 7 ]. Detection of Brucella spp.…”

Section: Finding and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from Seronegative Cows is a Serious Impediment in Brucellosis Control

El-Diasty¹,

Wareth

Melzer

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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Brucellosis is a zoonosis occurring worldwide, with economic and public health impacts. Its diagnosis remains a challenge in endemic countries and basically relies on serology. The present study was carried out on two dairy cattle farms allegedly free from brucellosis, but with sporadic cases of abortion. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Brucella (B.) spp. in uterine discharge of seronegative cows after abortion. In farm I, B. melitensis biovar (bv) 3 was cultured from two of five cows after abortion, while in farm II, B. abortus bv 1 was cultured from three of eleven cows after abortion. These cows had been intrauterinely infected but remained seronegative until abortion and seroconverted only thereafter. Shedding of brucellae in uterine discharge of culture positive/seronegative aborting cows is a serious problem resulting in maintenance and further spread of infection. Thus, serosurveys in endemic countries have to be accompanied by molecular detection and/or culture of aborted material to close the diagnostic window and to hinder uncontrolled spread.

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Section: Finding and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from Seronegative Cows is a Serious Impediment in Brucellosis Control

El-Diasty¹,

Wareth

Melzer

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Indeed, the protection afforded to non-immune animals by the presence of sufficient numbers of immune individuals, known as “herd immunity” ( Figure 6 ) is threatened if the immune status of the herd is low. That is, inefficient vaccines may promote a fertile niche in weakly immune hosts allowing virulent Brucella to be transmitted though vaccinated animals (Herrera-López et al, 2010, 2011; Arellano-Reynoso et al, 2013). In curse this will increase the number of secondary infections.…”

Section: Coping With Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if the anti- Brucella vaccine fails to generate immunity in a fraction p of those animals vaccinated, then to achieve herd immunity we need to vaccinate a proportion of individuals equivalent to R 0 - 1/ R 0 (1 - p ) ( Figure 7 ). Hence, if p is too big it may be impossible to eradicate brucellosis as it has been the case in many countries where vaccines of low-efficacy have extensively been used (Blasco et al, 1993; Moreno, 2002; Vargas, 2002; Blasco and Moriyón, 2005; Arellano-Reynoso et al, 2013; Chand and Chhabra, 2013; Denisov et al, 2013; Hou et al, 2013; Jiang et al, 2013; Li et al, 2013; Oseguera-Montiel et al, 2013; Rubach et al, 2013). …”

Section: Coping With Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under low threshold immunity conditions the host becomes a favorable environment for the replication and spread of field bacterial strains (Moreno, 2002; Herrera-López et al, 2010, 2011; Arellano-Reynoso et al, 2013; Denisov et al, 2013; Jiang et al, 2013) and a potential niche for Brucella selection. This is particularly relevant when prevalence is high and surveillance is low to begin with and when the favored virulent microbe emerges within a restricted population.…”

Section: Coping With Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis

2014

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Members of the genus Brucella are pathogenic bacteria exceedingly well adapted to their hosts. The bacterium is transmitted by direct contact within the same host species or accidentally to secondary hosts, such as humans. Human brucellosis is strongly linked to the management of domesticated animals and ingestion of their products. Since the domestication of ungulates and dogs in the Fertile Crescent and Asia in 12000 and 33000 ya, respectively, a steady supply of well adapted emergent Brucella pathogens causing zoonotic disease has been provided. Likewise, anthropogenic modification of wild life may have also impacted host susceptibility and Brucella selection. Domestication and human influence on wild life animals are not neutral phenomena. Consequently, Brucella organisms have followed their hosts’ fate and have been selected under conditions that favor high transmission rate. The “arm race” between Brucella and their preferred hosts has been driven by genetic adaptation of the bacterium confronted with the evolving immune defenses of the host. Management conditions, such as clustering, selection, culling, and vaccination of Brucella preferred hosts have profound influences in the outcome of brucellosis and in the selection of Brucella organisms. Countries that have controlled brucellosis systematically used reliable smooth live vaccines, consistent immunization protocols, adequate diagnostic tests, broad vaccination coverage and sustained removal of the infected animals. To ignore and misuse tools and strategies already available for the control of brucellosis may promote the emergence of new Brucella variants. The unrestricted use of low-efficacy vaccines may promote a “false sense of security” and works towards selection of Brucella with higher virulence and transmission potential.

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“…Brucella abortus was isolated in119 milk samples from seronegative cows and the isolates belonged to biovars 2, 3, and 9. In Mexico, the field strain of B abortus with a smooth phenotype was reported to have been isolated from the vaginal exudates of two cows, vaccinated with reduced-dose RB51, which had calved normally and were seronegative [23].…”

Section: Geographical Distribution In Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health and Economic Importance of Bovine Brucellosis: An Overview

Gizaw¹,

Fekadu²,

Alemayehu³

et al. 2017

AJEID

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Brucellosis is an important infectious re-emerging bacterial zoonosis of public health and economic significance. It affects the health and productivity of livestock as well as that of their owners and can have a deep economic impact. Brucellosis in cattle is usually caused by bio-vars of Brucella abortus. In some countries, particularly in southern Europe and western Asia, where cattle are kept in close association with sheep or goats, infection can also be caused by B. melitensis. Occasionally, B suis may cause a chronic infection in the mammary gland of cattle, but it has not been reported to cause abortion or spread to other animals. Humans are almost exclusively exposed to brucellosis through contact with animals and food of animal origin, transmitted via human contact with secretions, predominantly through calving and abortions. The disease can also be spread through the consumption of contaminated, unpasteurized dairy products. Globally, 500000 cases of human brucellosis are reported annually. The prevalence of human brucellosis differs between areas and has been reported to vary with standards of personal and environmental hygiene, animal husbandry practices, and species of the causative agent and local methods of food processing. The most common signs and symptoms of human brucellosis are fever, asthenia, myalgia, arthralgia, sweats, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Endemic brucellosis in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia has multiple economic implications across agriculture and public health and broader socioeconomic development sectors. It is an economically important disease of livestock causing reproductive wastage through infertility, delayed heat, loss of calves, reduced meat and milk production, culling and economic losses. Microscopic examination of stained smears can be useful for a presumptive diagnosis, particularly if the direct examination supported by other tests. Mass vaccination is the mainstay of brucellosis control in livestock, but should be combined with other measures that limit the spread of the pathogen, allow identification of animals and herds, and increase community participation. Human brucellosis is usually prevented by controlling the infection in animals; Pasteurization of dairy products is an important safety measure where this disease is endemic.

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Isolation of a field strain of Brucella abortus from RB51-vaccinated- and brucellosis-seronegative bovine yearlings that calved normally

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Isolation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from Seronegative Cows is a Serious Impediment in Brucellosis Control

Isolation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from Seronegative Cows is a Serious Impediment in Brucellosis Control

Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis

Public Health and Economic Importance of Bovine Brucellosis: An Overview

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